Child sexual abuse (CSA) is an unrevealed but an alarming issue in every civilized society. This paper examines the reported incidents of child sexual abuse in Pakistan. Its primary goal is to assess the currently available data on incidents of CSA in Pakistan from 2010 to 2016, while the specific objective is to understand the magnitude, as well as nature and context of the problem. Data on CSA from 2010 to 2016 were collected from the "annual cruel numbers" of the "Sahil" organization, which revealed that incidents of CSA have increased in Pakistan since 2010. The data show that 2,252 incidents of CSA (Boys 606 and Girls 1,646) occurred in 2010 and a larger number, 4,139 incidents (Boys 1,729 and Girls 2,410), occurred in 2016. Most of the survivors belonged to the Punjab province of Pakistan (1,723 out of 2,252 in 2010 and 2,676 out of 4,139 in 2016). Most abusers were acquaintances of their victims (3,964 in 2010 and 1,829 in 2016). The majority of incest cases were observed in 2012 (144 cases).  The victim's home was a place of abuse in most incidents (306 incidents in 2010 and 594 in 2016). Government, as well as non-governmental organizations, should raise awareness of CSA. Furthermore, religious leaders must play their role to curb occurrence of CSA by preaching about its religious implications.

The objective of the study was to find out and determine the types of child sexual abuse, temptations used by the abusers to seduce the victim, the impact of child sexual abuse on the victims, and the impact of child sexual abuse on the family of the victims. The study was conducted using mixed methods i.e. Qualitative and Quantitative. This was a six months study. The qualitative study was conducted first. Based on the findings of the qualitative study Quantitative study was done through a field survey.  For the qualitative study police officials and Casualty Medical Officers (CMO) were interviewed in depth. For quantitative research Parents of victims or the victims themselves with the consent of their parents were interviewed. Qualitative data was analyzed using the Theme, subtheme, and remarks while the quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (26 versions) and Excel software applications. Most of the children appeared to be innocent and the minor children considered the act vulgar and indecent. The more grown-up ones considered it unethical and were having some guilt. Similar feelings were shared by the parents about the child. Society is very much aware of crime but they are more sensitive to girls than boys. To some extent, they are ignorant too and that is the reason crime is increasing. They became frightened, depressed, lonely, and aloof. The parents became depressed and also suspicious of the social environment. They became secretive in their talk and behavior. Abusers tempted the victims with sex stories, jokes pornographic materials (photos and videos), and by showing their sex organs.

Unfortunately, the self-reported health status of female prisoners in Pakistan and especially in Sindh province have not been appropriately explored or documented. No doubt, the health of female prisoners is more vulnerable as compared to male prisoners. However, neither policymakers nor social scientists paid attention to the health-related issues of female prisoners in Pakistan. Therefore, 113 (convicted: 28, under trial: 85) female prisoners in three prisons of Sindh (Karachi, Hyderabad, and Larkana) were interviewed. It was found that there is a positive correlation (p=0.007) between the educational background of female prisoners and satisfaction toward available health care facilities in women prisons of Sindh province. The main objective of on-going research was to reveal the female prisoners' health status and their level of satisfaction toward provided health care facilities in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The research findings suggest that the health status of female prisoners and the impact of imprisonment on their health must be better studied at the National or provincial level for the enhancement of the health-related interventions in prisons.

The objective of the study was to find out the leading social factors causing maternal mortality in Hyderabad district A total of 125 maternity health workers including qualified gynecologists /obstetricians and undergraduate trained obstetricians from Hyderabad district (Sindh, Pakistan) were interviewed on the effect of social conditions on the maternal mortality rate with a predesigned close ended questionnaire. The period of study was four months from November 2016 to February 2017. It has been found that majority of the respondents revealed that a good number of complicated maternity cases are refused for admission due to unavailability of required facilities to treat such patients. This is considered one of the major reasons for maternal mortality death. Unavailability of required transport on an urgent basis is considered yet another cause. Leading causes of maternal mortality were poverty 41.6%), negligence of family men (27.2%), illiteracy (12%), malnutrition (11.2%) and non-availability of medical facilities (8%) at the center of primary care.  It is a fact that socio cultural factor does influence the maternal mortality. Our findings resonate with the findings elsewhere. This necessitates to take corrective measures to improve the healthcare conditions of pregnant mother.