Physicochemical properties of a mineral-based gasoline engine oil have been monitored at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 3500, 6000, 8500, and 11500 kilometer of operation. Tracing has been performed by inductively coupled plasma and some other techniques. At each series of measurements, the concentrations of twenty four elements as well as physical properties such as: viscosity at 40 and 100°C; viscosity index; flash point; pour point; specific gravity; color; total acid and base numbers; water content have been determined. The results are indicative of the decreasing trend in concentration of additive elements and increasing in concentration for wear elements. Different trends have been observed for various physical properties. The possible reasons for variations in physical and chemical properties have been discussed.

Heavy alkyl benzene (HAB) is a byproduct in the process of linear alkyl benzene (LAB) production. It is used as heat transfer oil and lubricating greases. In this article the potential of the usage of HAB in the formulation of gasoline and diesel engine oils as well as hydraulic fluid is indicated. With the aim of passing 5W30, 5W40, 10W40, and 15W40 standards, different engine oils have been formulated. The formulations contain various amounts of HAB as minor component, and miscellaneous quantities of solvent neutral 100 (SN-100), SN-150, and SN-650 as major component. The measurement of typical properties of obtained oils indicates that some of them do have the intended criteria. Test field of the recent oils designate that they have good performance. In the next step, different blends of HAB as major component and polyisobutene (PIB) as minor component have successfully been employed in the formulation of several ISO grade hydraulic fluids. The achieved materials do have suitable air release and demulsibility.

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ABSTRACT. Lubrication properties of sunflower oil have been modified by epoxidation in the first step and acetylation of the obtained epoxide in the second step. Epoxidation has been followed in dichloromethane solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid as oxidizing agent and sulfuric acid as catalyst. The reaction has been monitored and optimized by measurement of iodine value, epoxy content, and recording the FTIR spectrum at different experimental conditions. Acetylation has been performed by enduring the optimized conditions of epoxidation reaction, in the presence of boron trioxide as catalyst and at elevated temperature. The recent reaction has been monitored and optimized by measurement of hydroxyl value, epoxy content, and recording the FTIR spectrum at different experimental conditions. The final product of both,epoxidation and acetylation reactions has been confirmed by FTIR and NMR data. Relative to sunflower oil, pour point and oxidation stability of the modified oil has considerably been improved. The modified oil has successfully been employed in the formulation of industrial gear oil. The investigation on the possibility of the additive application of the modified oil, as well as its miscibility with additives was considered.