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ObjectivesSome hospitals have implemented computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems to reduce the medical error rates. However, research in this area has been very limited, especially regarding the impact of CPOE use on the reduction of prescribing errors. Moreover, the past studies have dealt with the overall impact of CPOE on the reduction of broadly termed "medical errors", and they have not specified which medical errors have been reduced by CPOE. Furthermore, the majority of the past research in this field has been either qualitative or has not used robust empirical techniques. This research examined the impacts of usability of CPOE systems on the reduction of doctors' prescribing errors.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-six questionnaires were used for quantitative data analyses. Since the data was not normally distributed, partial least square path modelling-as the second generation of multivariate data analyses-was applied to analyze data.ResultsIt was found that the ease of use of the system and information quality can significantly reduce prescribing errors. Moreover, the user interface consistency and system error prevention have a significant positive impact on the perceived ease of use. More than 50% of the respondents believed that CPOE reduces the likelihood of drug allergy, drug interaction, and drug dosing errors thus improving patient safety.ConclusionsPrescribing errors in terms of drug allergy, drug interaction, and drug dosing errors are reduced if the CPOE is not error-prone and easy to use, if the user interface is consistent, and if it provides quality information to doctors.

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Background: Medical errors are common in hospitals, and research is always needed to find ways of reducing these. This study attempts to address three gaps in this field. First, the factors leading to the reduction of mental workload and its relationship with the reduction of prescribing errors by improving electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) usability have not been empirically examined before. Second, the past research in the field of e-prescribing usability lacks robust theoretical models. Third, there are no existing studies to examine the direct influences of user interface consistency and error prevention with the reduction of mental workload and prescribing errors. Materials and Methods: A quantitative survey method was used to collect data from 188 community physicians. The partial least squares path modeling technique was applied to analyze the data. Results: Prescribing errors were reduced by improving the information quality, user interface consistency, system ease of use, and mental workload reduction. Mental workload is reduced by ease of use, error prevention, and consistency. No significant relationships between prescribing error reduction with error prevention and also between information quality with mental workload reduction were found. Conclusions: The designers of e-prescribing should improve the error prevention and consistency of the system and make it easy to use if they wish for the system to reduce users' mental workload. They should also improve the system information quality, ease of use, and consistency if they claim that their system reduces physicians' prescribing errors. The system should also reduce users' mental workload to meet this objective.

This study aims to develop a model for the enablers, critical success factors (CSF) and barriers to frugal innovation (FI). A systematic literature review (SLR) conducted on 372 documentaries of five databases and semistructured interviews conducted with active industrial and academic experts in the innovation field. Then, factors obtained from SLR and interviews placed in two questionnaires with Likert spectrum and the questionnaires were submitted to 200 convenient samples to determine the importance of factors and then ranked through the Friedman test. Based on the findings, ‘optimization of energy consumption in industries, collaborating with local companies, management supports, paying attention to the needs of the local market and reducing the profit margin’ are among the enablers and CSFs of FI. ‘Lack of business acumen among local partners, senior management reluctances, challenging in R&D, challenges of prototyping in product development and currency fluctuations’ are among the barriers of FI.