Introduction This article examines the political aspects of health and its relationship with policy, politics, and polity. It emphasizes the significance of the primary healthcare (PHC) approach, rooted in anthropology, in driving societal health progress and the centrality of health in social policies, particularly concerning government legitimacy. Methods This qualitative, exploratory-historical study uses an inductive approach and a scope review to analyze PHC progress globally and in Iran. It involves 75 interviews with senior PHC policymakers and historical document analysis, focusing on power impact and policy transfer in the last 100 years. Results This paper highlights how different countries, including the Soviet Union, China, England, and Iran, have impacted the World Health Organization (WHO) and primary healthcare (PHC) literature through idea transfer. The study specifically focuses on Iran, showing how idea transmission, political economy, power centres and public culture influenced institutional health policy creation and control through the power of approval or veto. Conclusion This study highlights the flow of ideas within the PHC domain and the connection between countries' efforts and the role of the WHO in shaping the health system globally. This article theorizes that health is a sustainable global goal separating health as a political issue from politicization. It makes it a historical territorial political issue beyond regime constraints, with historical identity and historical accumulative sovereignty. Therefore, health should be seen beyond the interests of political regimes. Such a campaign can link health policies with global politics; in this case, it can play a role in global polity.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a global inclusive indicator framework for improving the population’s health, adapted to each country’s socio-political context. This study aimed to propose a national indicator framework for Iran as a reference list toward SDGs realisation in health and health-related. SDGs and three additional complementary frameworks (WHO Core Health Indicators, Action on Social Determinants of Health Core Indicators and Iranian National Health Equity Indicators) were selected to provide the theoretical base for the National Indicator Framework and to identify, compare, and select the potential indicators based on the country’s contextual needs and capacities. WHO’s “result chain pattern for heath core indicators classification” was used as a conceptual basis to facilitate identifying indicators and to link those to underlying country data systems and data gathering methods. After identifying the initial list of 181 indicators, senior informants from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education-related departments and other health-related organisations were consulted to reduce and verify the initial list. A National Indicator Framework for health monitoring in Iran has been developed to contain 101 indicators (including 12 input/ process indicators, 13 output indicators, 44 outcome indicators, and 32 impact indicators) organised within four domains of “health status”, “risk factors”, “service coverage” and “the health system”. This framework addresses the health core indicators gap identified in paragraph No. 3 under article NO.7 of the Law on Permanent Provisions of Country Development Programs. It will be used to notify policies and programs to improve the health system and population health status at the national level.
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