BackgroundComorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disabilities is greater than what would occur by chance. ObjectiveThe main aim of our study was to investigate the neuropsychological functions in ADHD only, specific learning disability only, and comorbid ADHD and specific learning disability. We searched for any neuropsychological dysfunctions that could be categorized into groups and the main effect of each group of neuropsychological functions. Participants and methodsOur study participants were divided into four groups: three patient groups [ADHD only (n = 30), specific learning disability only (n = 30), and comorbid ADHD and specific learning disability (n = 30)] and one control group (n = 30), aged 7-13 years, with IQ equal to or above 90. The executive functions of all groups were examined: working memory (verbal and visuospatial), cognitive flexibility and set shifting (Wisconsin card sorting test, trail making test, and Stroop color and word test), planning (Tower of London), and response inhibition (continuous performance test). ResultsOur study revealed that all three groups (ADHD, specific learning disability, and comorbid ADHD and specific learning disability) had a significant impairment in all executive functions, with the least scores in the comorbid ADHD and specific learning disability group, followed by the ADHD group and then the specific learning disability group. Conclusion ADHD and specific learning disability share the same underlying cognitive deficit.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.