Controlling environmental factors plays a key role in improving human health and environmental pollutants that have specific diversity which can put at risk all physical, mental and social health of human being. Given to the personal hygiene and environmental human sanitation has particular importance. Barber salon are among the places that are very important in terms of environmental and personal health in improving public health level and disease control. In case of lack of attention to this issue, the transmission of different types of skin diseases and blood infections is inevitable (1-3). Several factors are involved in transmission of disease in this trade unit including most notably of them is lack of awareness of hairdressers operators regards to personal hygiene principle, lack of equipment and the possibility of not being sanitary (4).

Background & Aims of the Study: Nursing is one of the highly stressful jobs. Nurses have to provide health service, in many cases, to the patients with incurable disease. Working in such environment induces severe and permanent mental pressures, which in long-run can create fatigue and negative effects on performance of the nurses. The main objective of the present study is to survey effects of occupational fatigue and the pertinent factors on the nurses working in Kermanshah hospitals. Materials & Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 112 nurses in Kermanshah-based hospitals in 2015. Data gathering was performed using job information and demographics questionnaire and Sweden occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI). The collected data was analyzed in SPSS-16. Results: The results showed that 67.9% of the nurses suffered from low and moderate fatigue, 23.2% suffered from high fatigue, and 8.9% suffered from very high fatigue. The highest mean scores of fatigue symptoms in the nurses were obtained by burnout, inability, drowsiness, yawning, and disinterest. The results showed significant relationship between occupational fatigue and its aspects. Fatigue in men was higher than that of women and it was more evident in married participants comparing with unmarried participants. In addition, nurses with masters' degree, those in evening and overnight shifts, nurses with a second job, and the participants who expressed dissatisfaction with their job and their colleagues showed more occupational fatigue. Conclusions: The results showed that work-related fatigue was moderate to high in the participants. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses can consider some items to manage fatigue like reducing overworking, sleeping enough, using good nutrition and enough rest to improve the work system.

The present dataset was carried out using meta-analysis method towards investigation of the prevalence of nurses׳ burnout in Iran. To this end, the keywords were searched in the Iranian databases such as Medlib, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran or even some international databases such as Cochrane, Science-Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The data were analysed using the STATA Software Version 12. In ten articles with a sample size of 1758 subjects, an average age of 30.73 (54%) and the confidence interval of 43–64, the prevalence of burnout was reported. The obtained data indicated that Fars and Zanjan Provinces had the highest and lowest rates of burnout (72% and 26%, respectively). According to the acquired data, the total prevalence of burnout among men and women measured 46% and 65%, respectively. Given the high prevalence of burnout among the Iranian nurses in this dataset and the importance of nursing in public health which requires highly motivated and committed nurses with high job satisfaction, it is recommended that the intensity of burnout be reduced through supervising the nurses׳ professional performance, supporting, paying attention to their problems, following up and providing the necessary strategies to improve their environmental, economic, and personal conditions.

BACKGROUND: Nurses experience many job tensions, which lead to job burnout. The consequences of nurses’ job burnout include absenteeism, reduced quality of patient care, interpersonal conflicts with colleagues, physical and mental problems, reluctance to provide care with patients, and quitting the job. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of job burnout among nurses in Iran using a meta-analysis method. METHOD: The study was conducted through a meta-analysis method based on the PRISMA checklist. An unlimited search was conducted until 2020 to access the Persian and English papers in national databases, including Medlib, SID, Iranmedex, and Magiran, and databases including Cochrane, Science-Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords were “job burnout, nurse, and Iran.” The data were searched and extracted by two researchers independently. All analyses were performed using version 2.0 of the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS: The prevalence of job burnout was investigated in 14 papers with a sample size of 2271 individuals with an average age of 31.44 years old, and a confidence interval of 55% (44–66%). Fars province, with 89.2%, had the highest, and Zanjan province, with 25.9%, experienced the lowest prevalence of job burnout. The overall prevalence of job burnout was 44% in male and 66% in female so that the highest prevalence was in women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of job burnout in nurses was high in some areas of Iran. A special attention by managers is needed in this field because of the several roles played by the nurses in the healthcare system and the improvement of public health. Implementation of plans to reduce the job burnout and to improve the mental health of nurses by reducing work hours, giving more opportunities to them to express their opinion(s) in amount of salary and benefits, and creating better working conditions are recommended.

Introduction: Safety climate is defined as the employees' common insights about safety management in a specific place and time. Nurses have a highly risky occupation, in which they are required to take safety issues into consideration. This study aimed at investigating the attitude of nurses towards safety climate in the hospitals of Kermanshah City, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was conducted with 112 nurses in the hospitals of Kermanshah City. A two-section questionnaire was administered for data collection. The first part was related to the nurses' demographic and occupational characteristics and the second part contained the nurses' safety climate questionnaire. After data collection, the data were analyzed by SPSS-16. Results: Results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the safety climate in nurses was 0.56 ± 3.06. A significant relationship was found between all factors, except for the relationship between cumulative burnout and error reporting. The safety climate was almost equal between men and women. Moreover, safety climate was higher in single people than the married ones. In the morning shift, the highest safety climate was in the workplace. Furthermore, people with a second job felt safety climate more. Conclusion: Research results showed that safety climate was not at a satisfactory level in the studied nursing personnel. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the safety climate and its effects on the safety performance by training safety issues, holding technical courses on safety, and adjusting work-rest time.