Although nursing started with women's caring role as caring for wounded soldiers during wars, modern nursing started with the influence of Florence Nightingale's environmental theory and studies. Nightingale's work laid the foundations of professional nursing science. In our country, nursing education first started in the Constitutional Period after 1876. Nursing training courses were opened by Doctor Besim Ömer Pasha in the center of Hilal-i Ahmer in 1913, in Darülfünun between 1914-1915, and in Kadırga Birth Clinic in 1916. Safiye Hüseyin Elbi, who was the only Turkish nurse who carried the seriously injured from Çanakkale to Istanbul by ferry and served on the Reşit Paşa Hospital Ship, where surgeries were also performed, was one of the founders of the Red Crescent Nursing School opened in 1925. Esma Deniz İbrahim, who graduated from Admiral Bristol in 1924, continued her education at Columbia University and returned to Turkey in 1930. Like Safiye Hüseyin Elbi, she is among the founders of the Turkish Nurses Association (Turkish Nurses Association). The history of surgery, which started with the existence of human history, has often shown rapid developments, although it is sometimes stagnant from past to present. In the early 19th century, with the acceptance of operating room nursing as a field of study, the foundations of professional surgical nursing were laid. Today, the surgical nurse is a professional member of the profession who continues the care of the patient in a long process, which starts with the admission of the patient to the surgical clinic, and includes home care and rehabilitation during and after the surgery. Innovations in surgical technique, technology and informatics necessitate the constant change and development of surgical nurses. For this reason, nurse leaders, institutions and organizations and professional members who are responsible for the development of nursing science and practices should determine common strategies and put them into practice with appropriate regulations. In this review, the historical process of surgical nursing from past to present in relation to the history of Turkish nursing has been examined and an evaluation has been made for its future situation.
The study was aimed to adapt the Perception of Loneliness in Isolation Scale (ISOLA) into Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the scale. The sample of the methodological and cross-sectional study consisted of 154 patients who were in isolation due to COVID-19. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were analyzed by using language equivalence, content validity, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, internal consistency, and test-retest methods. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used for criterion-related validity. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale, the three-dimensional structure of 14 items was confirmed and the fit index values (2=90.874; χ2/sd=1.317; RMSEA=0.046; AGFI=0.88; CFI=0.97; GFI=0.92; NFI=0.90) were interpreted as "good fit" or "acceptable fit". It can be said that the Turkish version of ISOLA, which is thought to contribute to understanding the loneliness of patients in isolation and solving their problems, is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
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