The decrease in conventional energy sources followed by the world's energy demand as well as mounting concern about climate change, the countries are competing to get new sources of environmentally friendly energy with large reserves. The utilization of CBM as a new energy is an option because of its huge reserves, more environmentally friendly than traditional fossil energy (CBM emissions are 0.39 tones/MWh) and energy efficiency equivalent to natural gas. Indonesia has huge CBM reserves (400 TCF) but has not been utilize optimally due to technological problems, government regulations, large investments and others. This issues plus geographical constraints also occurs in countries with huge CBMs resource such as Russia (450 TCF) and China (700 TCF). Meanwhile, USA (500 TCF) and Australia (500 TCF) already have more established rules and technology. It is necessary to conduct a comparative study from each country according to the applicable regulations to accelerate the utilization of CBM.
The decline in Indonesia's national crude oil production which is directly proportional to the increase in production operational costs has an impact on reducing state revenues from oil and gas revenue sharing funds. One of the efforts that can be done to eliminate losses from this sector is to conduct energy analysis and exergy analysis to determine the locations where energy and exergy losses occur which are then converted into economic costs in the upstream oil and gas business in the form of losses operating costs. Energy and exergy analysis in this study was conducted at a crude oil collection station and hydrocarbon transportation facility at CPP Blok, Riau, Indonesia. The results showed that the largest energy flow was found in the wash tank, which was 183.546 KW, the shipping pump was 240346.34 KW, and the heater was 398.4 KW. The largest exergy destruction occurred in washing tanks of 73,418 KW, shipping pumps of 0.319 KW and heaters of 0.363 KW, with a total exergy destruction cost of all equipment of 64,243.29 USD/year.
One of the problems in the upstream oil and gas industry is that large quantities of produced water must go through a water cleaning and injection process in accordance with the Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment Number 19 of 2010 of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the quality standards of wastewater for oil and gas and geothermal activities. A total of 224,257.1 barrels of water per day which is produced water in the CPP Block must go through a water management process which requires a large energy consumption of 269.47 MW/month. One effort to reduce the use of electrical energy is to conduct energy and exergy analysis to determine the point of greatest energy use as a result of exergy destruction and convert it into economic costs as operating cost losses. From the research, it is known that the largest electrical energy consumption is at the injection pump 235.47 MW/month with exergy 67.72 KW, the largest exergy destruction is 31.04 KW at the charge filter pump with an efficiency of 54%. Energy and exergy analysis is used to identify changes in energy quality in a system.
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