Fifty-four sediment samples of the five Northern Egyptian lakes, (Mariout, Edku, El-Burullus, El-Manzallah, and ElBardaweel) were analyzed to investigate the pollution status of mercury (Hg). The total mercury (T-Hg) content in sediment samples ranged from 15.33 to 171.29 ng·g -1 dry wt). The results showed that T-Hg were lower than the back ground values reported and also lower than the ranges of uncontaminated sediments. Moreover, the T-Hg concentrations in all sediments were under the upper chemical Exceedance level (1 µg·g -1 ). The concentrations of Methyl mercury (MeHg) in surface sediments of the Northern lakes ranged from 0.002 -0.023 ng·g -1 dry wt. The contribution of MeHg was less than 0.1% of total mercury concentration with index values from 0.08 -1.37 ng·g -1 ; dry wt). MeHg showed insignificant correlation with T-Hg. This suggested that MeHg contents were not controlled by the T-Hg in sediments. The T-Hg and MeHg concentrations were insignificantly correlated with TOC content which indicates that the concentration of T-Hg and MeHg in sediments of Northern lakes were not influence by TOC. The average T-Hg concentration was found in the following order; Mariout > El-Manzallah > El-Burullus > Edku > El-Bardaweel. While the MeHg was found in the order; El-Bardaweel > El-Burullus ≥ El-Manzallah > Mariout > Edku.
Environmental requirements are becoming of great importance in today´s society since there is an increased interest in the industrial use of renewable resources. For this reason, the objective of the work presented was to examine and compare several natural, commercial or even waste products in diclofenac uptake, using synthetic water solutions in laboratory measurements. Diclofenac belongs to a class of drugs that provides analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. To date, more than 200 different pharmaceuticals alone have been reported in river waters globally. According to the monitoring provided by the national water authorities and researchers, consumption of pharmaceuticals in the Czech and Slovak Republics are among the highest in Europe. According to our research, the results of the most effective adsorbents in diclofenac uptake from aqueous solutions were products in the following order: Chezacarb, with a capacity nearly 300 mg/g, Peatsorb CB18, with a capacity close to 250 mg/g, the German Silcarbon and the commercial product KlinoCarb, from the company Zeocem, with a capacity of ca. 200 mg/g. The domestic product KlinoCarb, which proved to have sufficiently high adsorption towards diclofenac, including a favourable price, was characterized by 1 H-13 C CP MAS NMR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and moreover, as with the other materials studied, by the SEM and S(BET) methods.
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