Skin aging is associated with the loss of the structural collagens and the elastin fiber components that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is associated with reduced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), angiogenesis and increased oxidative stress. Copper has been incorporated into cosmetics for anti-skin aging. This research investigated the mechanism for the anti-skin aging effect copper ions, from cuprous oxide powders. Dermal fibroblasts were exposed to copper and examined for expression (protein and/or promoter levels) of types I, III, V collagen, heat shock protein-47 (HSP-47), elastin, fibrillin-1, and fibrillin-2, TGF-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and in addition for membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. The direct antioxidant activity of copper was also determined. The research indicates that copper's anti-skin aging and skin regeneration potential is through its stimulation of ECM proteins, TGF-β1, VEGF, and inhibition of oxidative stress effects at physiological concentrations; and supports its use in cosmetics.
Cancer and aging are associated with altered cell viability and angiogenesis, which is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These alterations have been associated with cellular oxidative stress. Humuluslupulus (HOP) extract, and its components, which include alpha-acid, beta-acid, xanthoflavonoids, xanthohumunol, and isoxanthohumunol, exhibit antioxidant activity. This research examined the effects of HOP extract or its components on direct antioxidant activity, and on cell viability, lipid peroxidation, and expression of VEGF in melanoma cells, and dermal fibroblasts. The HOP extract, and its components exhibited direct antioxidant activity. In melanoma cells, HOP extract, and its components significantly inhibited cell viability and stimulated extracellular lipid hydroperoxides at all examined concentrations; and with few exceptions did not significantly alter intracellular lipid peroxidation or the expression of VEGF. In dermal fibroblasts, HOP extract and its components significantly inhibited cell viability and intracellular lipid peroxidation, and stimulated the expression at VEGF at the highest examined concentration; and with few exceptions did not significantly alter extracellular lipid peroxidation. It is inferred that HOP extract, and its components differentially and beneficially regulate the cellular biochemistry of melanoma cells, and fibroblasts for the management of cancer, and aging.
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