The balance calculations in agriculture are the basis for assessing the value of land and determining how to use it effectively. Replenishing the humus balance in soils is a long and multifactorial process, and therefore requires considerable expenditures to control it. Therefore, scientists pay particular attention to the benefits and the need to create geoinformation portals, first and foremost, in the agricultural sector in order to create effective market-based tools for balancing soil quality. However, today Ukraine has little experience in creating portals and software for the implementation of soil fertility balance calculations in the online system for the purpose of organizing organic land use. The article deals with the methods of humus balance calculation and the formulation of the humus balance calculation task, which will take into account regional peculiarities of Ukraine's Rivne region with the possibility of scaling to other areas. A mathematical model of the corresponding problem using differential equations was constructed. A numerical solution was found and implemented as the e-calculator module of online information system. The integration of IT technologies with the example of humus balance e-calculator for organic land use will allow crop rotations modeling and volumes of organic fertilizer application to stabilize or improve the soil quality. The main task of the calculator was to provide specific recommendations for the land plot on the efficiency of its use. In addition, the information system provided the background information on the economic efficiency of the transition to organic farming, certification, processing and marketing rules. The user can independently specify the order of crops cultivation in rotation, the amount of organic fertilizer application and as a result will receive the possible variants of the total humus content in the soil, for different volumes of application of organic fertilizers (biohumus) using the e-calculator of humus balance. The testing and verification of the e-calculator was carried out on the last 40 years data of the Rivne branch of the Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine, taking into account the cultivated crops, the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the socio-ecological and economic efficiency of the organic land-use through the economic substantiation of the organic production development in the Western Polissia regions and its impact on the population health. Methodology / approach. We used general scientific and special research methods for the study. With methods of comparisons, extrapolations, correlations and the regression analysis, we could give an ecological and economical estimate for costs using for the organic land-use engineering and for the feasibility evaluation of the organic production development. The synthesis method was useful in determining the socio-economic efficiency of growing organic products. The State Statistics Service data, collections of health indicators and the activities of medical institutions in the Rivne region became the initial basis for the present study. Results. We made the scientific rationale for the organic production development in the Western Polissia, namely, in Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions, determined the stabilizing costs for the quality condition of 1 hectare of agricultural land. Moreover, the absence of a direct and close relationship between the agro-ecological indicators of soils and the rate of land certification was proved. It was proposed to use the economic criteria for the agricultural land suitability relative to the organic production, as they are defined as informational rather than restrictive. Mathematical modeling helped to evidence the existence of a relationship between the volume of mineral fertilizers applied per hectare of sown area and the level of the population oncological morbidity exemplified by Rivne region, resulting in mathematical models obtained and applied for the predictive estimates of health problems among the population in Rivne region for the coming years. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of the organic land use was carried out with the involvement of economic justification for the development of organic production in Western Polissia regions and its impact on the population health. Practical value / implications. Key results of the study are primarily actionable for determining the ecological and economic substantiation of the development advisability of the organic production through the implementation of the ecological and economic appraisal of costs using for the organic land-use engineering. In addition to it, another key result is to set the level of reduction in the population morbidity due to a decrease in mineral fertilizers applicable per hectare of sown area.
The relevance of the article lies in the fact that in the 21st century the distance learning of vocal arts is becoming increasingly important in the postmodern period. The article characterizes the role and importance of educational innovations in the development of music education during distance learning. The author indicates the most important tasks, the solution of which involves the use of educational innovations during distance learning vocal art in the postmodern period. Along with this, such main directions of innovation activities as the formation of new content of the educational process, assimilation of new pedagogical technologies, and the creation of new varieties of educational institutions are influencing. The topic of the article is relevant in the international context, since examples of relevant innovations at the university level consider a "universal" approach to teaching vocal methodology (with coverage of "child" and "adult" periods as interrelated components), the use of media technologies to find professional information, the study of priority aspects of singing in distance vocal training in the postmodern period. The article presents innovations in vocal arts distance learning in the postmodern era; the use of innovations in vocal arts instruction; the renewal of present-day vocal arts institutions in the postmodern era: the vocal arts distance learning process in the twenty-first century.
З метою підвищення ефективності виробництва в рослинництві українські аграрії дедалі частіше використовують інноваційні, зокрема ГІС-та IT-технології. За результатами проведених досліджень основних характеристик органічного виробництва в Україні на основі SWOT-аналізу серед сильних сторін виділено: преміальна ціна, щорічне зростання органічного світового ринку на 10-15%, наявність в Україні відповідних земельних ресурсів та природно-кліматичних умов для органічного виробництва та порівняно великі площі земель, які тривалий час не використовувались у сільському господарстві. Але через численні загрози втратити статус «органіка» та труднощі з виходом на нові ринки, цей бізнес, з одного боку, є прибутковим, а з іншого -доволі ризикованим. Тому для інформаційного забезпечення інвесторів запропоновано алгоритм накладання шарів електронних карт для визначення масиву (поля), найбільш інвестиційно-привабливого для органічного виробництва. Основні з них: карта забруднення радіонуклідами, важкими металами, тощо, карта розташування потенційних джерел забруднення, землекористування, карта ґрунтів, карта ландшафту та рельєфу, розташування інфраструктурних об'єктів. Серед переваг використання геоінформаційних систем у аграрному секторі з метою поширення органічного виробництва слід виділити можливість оцінювати властивості та продуктивність земель, моделювати системи сівозміни для органічного землеробства, розміщення культур, планувати врожайність культур, внесення добрив з візуалізацією кінцевих результатів. Незважаючи на різний алгоритм дій на етапі планування запровадження органічного землеробства, така інформація надасть змогу як невеликим (сімейним) фермерським господарствам, так і великим інвесторам визначити ділянки, які найкраще відповідають всім параметрам та вимогам для ефективного ведення органічного бізнесу. А місцевим органам влади та громадянам -найраціональніше використовувати найкращі земельні ділянки та отримувати вищу орендну плату.Ключові слова: ГІС-технології, агропортал, геоуправління в органічному землеробстві.Збалансоване природокористування № 2/2019
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