The global crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of long-term international quarantine measures have had a very negative impact on the tourism industry. The paper aims to analyze the sectoral losses of the tourism industry during quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Lviv, a city whose historical center is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site. The article highlights the potential of the tourism industry before the introduction of quarantine measures, as well as using extrapolation methods estimates the economic losses of the tourist industry of Lviv in the conditions of long-term quarantine. Besides, the anti-crisis measures of the city authorities to minimize the impact of quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry of Lviv are described. Based on a statistical analysis of the forecasted economic losses, it is recommended that city authorities abolish some local taxes and fees in the tourism sector to restore its potential as soon as possible.
<p>W ostatnich latach we Lwowie wzrosło zainteresowanie turystów jedną z form turystyki gastronomicznej (kulinarnej) – turystyką kawową. Jest ona rozwijana nie tylko w oparciu o ciekawe, opracowywane przez wiele dekad receptury i przepisy dotyczące przygotowania oraz serwowania kawy, lecz także przez słynne kawiarnie. W artykule opisano etapy rozwoju turystyki kawowej we Lwowie od dziewiętnastego stulecia do 2020 r. Omówiono koncepcje i pojęcia związane z tą formą turystyki, zidentyfikowano grupy docelowe zainteresowanych nią osób. Scharakteryzowano też cechy i ważne elementy zasobów wykorzystywanych do rozwoju turystyki kawowej we Lwowie oraz sposób jej funkcjonowania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na działania lokalnej społeczności i branży, współpracujących na rzecz opracowania strategii rozwoju, obejmującej promocję, rozszerzanie specjalistycznej infrastruktury, kreowanie produktów turystycznych – specjalistycznych towarów i usług, a także wydarzeń związanych z turystyką kawową. Celem tej strategii jest stworzenie jak najlepszych – przyjaznych zarówno dla mieszkańców, jak i dla turystów – warunków pobytu, umożliwiających zaprezentowanie na skalę światową ponad dwustuletniej wieloetnicznej kultury kawowej Lwowa, osadzonej w jego historycznym centrum wpisanym na listę światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO. W artykule zestawiono reprezentatywne dane statystyczne i dane dotyczące stanu oferty turystyki kawowej we Lwowie oraz omówiono wyniki badań sondażowych dotyczących funkcjonowania turystyki kawowej we Lwowie.</p>
Ukraine is an important component of the world market for inbound tourism. From the beginning of the twentieth century in some years it was included in the list of the world leading tourist countries in terms of international tourist arrivals. To study modern trends in the development of inbound tourism in Ukraine, during the period of independence, the concept of tourist transit, developed by D. Hill, is applied. It is а part of the wider concept of political and economic transit, well known in the social sciences. The indicators of dynamics of tourist arrivals, incomes from incoming tourism and its geographical structure analyzed in the article indicate incompleteness of tourist transit in Ukraine. Tourist arrivals in Ukraine are more vulnerable to economic and political crises compared with developed countries. Incomes from foreign tourism are an order of magnitude lower. The share of several neighboring countries – Moldova, Belarus, Russia, Poland, Romania, and Hungary – in the geographical structure of the inbound tourists is too high. Accordingly, the index of geographical concentration of inbound tourism is considerably higher than the optimal one; that is the market of inbound tourism in Ukraine is not sufficiently diversified. The development of tourism is negatively affected by the unsettled military conflict in the eastern part of the country. Some indicators of the development of inbound tourism, in particular, its excessive dependence on Russia by 2014, too high share in the structure of arrivals of tourists from countries that were a part of the former USSR, bring Ukraine closer to post-colonial countries. For the sustainable development of inbound tourism in Ukraine, it is necessary to continue the democratic reforms in order to complete the political transit, to overcome finally the consequences of the domination of the communist authoritarian regime. Also, important tasks are the settlement of the political conflict in the East, the improvement of the tourism policy and the improvement of branding of the national tourism product, the creation of competitive niche tourism products, as well as the improvement of the quality of tourist services. If these tasks are not fulfilled, foreign tourism in Ukraine will enter the stage of stagnation.
Mykhailo Rutynskyi and Halyna Kushniruk (2020). Second All-Ukrainian scientific-practical internet conference "Tourism brand as a factor for formation of positive image Ukraine's in the world market". Tourism and Travelling, 3(1), 1-2.
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