Nationalist ideology, which emerged in the 18th century and profoundly influenced the 19th, occupies a significant position in human affairs and the concept of the nation-state, despite its contradictions and multidimensional structure. As nationalism gained traction in the ethnosymbolist mentality through values such as race, religion, language, and ethnicity, it acquired different meanings around the concept of civic nationalism in the aftermath of modernization and globalization. The specific conditions of societies were affected by globalization and migration, leading to the differentiation of the nationalist mindset between ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Beginning in the 1980s, Western civic nationalism was described as "good nationalism," while Eastern nationalism, informed by ethnosymbolism, was "bad nationalism." This study seeks the answer to the question of how the stances of ethnosymbolism and civic nationalism towards globalization and migration were shaped. In this context, the study examines the convergence between ethnosymbolist nationalism and civic nationalism, as well as the factors that led to it, from a historical and holistic perspective and by using a comparative method.
Kimliğin özgünlüğünden ve farklı değerlerinden bahsederken referans verilen noktalardan birisi kimliğin sahip olduğu dini hassasiyetlerdir. Kimileri bu hassasiyetleri konuşma dilinde kullanarak dini hassasiyetlerle örülü bir kimlik algısı oluşturmak isterken, kimisi de aynı algıyı örtülü şekilde söylem içerisinde sunar. Bu nihayetinde özgürlüğün bir ifadesi olarak insanın kendinde hissettiği sorumluluk halinin farklı şekillerde yansıtılmasıdır. Açık veya örtülü olarak yaratılmak istenen algının siyasi argümanlar ile kurulan bağlantısı, siyasi özgürlük ile söylem özgürlüğünü buluşturmaktadır. Siyasi argümanlar içerisinde öne çıkan değişken ise iktidarların dine bakış açısı paralelinde gelişen söylem dilidir. Kurumsallaşmış bir dinin doktrinleri ile geleneksel doktrinleri içerisine alan söylem dili, kimlik algısında benzer amaçlara hizmet etmektedir. Geleneksel dindarlıktan modern dindarlık üzerine gidilen yolda söylem dili, kimlik üzerinden yaratılmak istenen algıda niyet ve ameller arasındaki ayrımı ortaya koymayı zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yorumsayıcı (hermeneutik) metodoloji kullanılarak, söylem dilinde yer verilen dini terminolojinin kimlik algısı üzerinde bir etki yarattığına dair bir yorum geliştirilmek istenmektedir.
The everlasting values of political cultures are the facts of power and resistance in politics. According to cyclical developments, the ideals and values accepted by the government and the opposition may diverge. Religion is another factor that appears in politics at all times and has little variation according to time and place. Facts that are made up of people and have an impact on values are included in religious lifestyle and social practices. Many aspects of social life can be seen as the result of religious views shaped by politics. Politics, which Easton defines as the "distribution of values through authority," can be reinterpreted in the face of religious arguments and can even serve as a mediator. In these processes, oratory's power, as well as the orator himself/herself, appear to be a powerful force. Acceptances, which occur in religious activities and can be found in the past as well as the present, might show the situations that they wish to enter into politics, as well as their symbolic values. Many instances where politics is attempting to infiltrate might be seen as power clashes. The legal power, the authority, occasionally seeks to bolster its position by utilizing religion. Attempts to eliminate religion's social determinacy in democratic nations from a secular perspective have resulted in the operation of religion's remarkable position through discourse and perceptions. The major objective of discourse and language in contemporary times is the desired perception to be formed through cognitive processes. The goal of this study is to construct a framework for discourse power based on its use value in religion and politics, as well as an interpretation of discourse inseparability in the intertwining of religious and political discourses.
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