The factorial structure, reliability and construct validity of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were investigated in Turkey to check the generality of some of the previous findings from Western samples. Using samples consisting of normals and subjects with medical or mental health problems, the original three factors (subscales) were obtained. The internal consistencies of the MSPSS and its subscales were high. In general, the scales correlated significantly in the expected direction with measures of depression and anxiety, thus supporting the construct validity of the MSPSS. Among the samples, subjects with psychiatric/psychological problems perceived, in general, the least social support. This result further contributed to the construct validity of the scale.

The generality of support sources, with some differing definitions, was supported. The psychometric properties of the MSPSS were adequate for it to be used in Turkey. However, social support may be especially relevant for groups with psychological/medical problems, and support from close people (particularly the family) may be especially predictive of health.

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The influence of specific psychiatric labels and types of psychopathology on various attitudes were investigated in a sample (N = 84) of visitors of patients in a Turkish hospital. Vignettes representing two types of psychopathology with and without labels were used as the stimulus material and the attitudes toward those descriptions were assessed with the use of a questionnaire. Statistical analyses showed that labels had significant influence on recognition of mental illness, social distance, expected physical burden, and perception of treatment necessity. Type of psychopathology significantly influenced recognition of mental illness, social distance, expected physical burden, prognosis, and treatment choice. The results were discussed within the context of previous findings and the need for research pointed out.

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The following study was conducted to adapt the Auditory Consonant Trigram Test (ACT) to Turkish, acquire a new and larger set of normative data, and finally investigate the reliability and validity of the adapted version. The data were collected from a sample of 236 healthy individuals. To test the validity of the Turkish version of ACT, the normative results of ACT were first compared with those obtained from the Digit Span Test (DST) backwards section. Secondly, the ACT performance of 53 schizophrenic patients was compared with that of a matched group selected from the normative sample. Age and education variables influenced performance, whereas gender did not in the normal sample. The ACT and DST backwards scores were positively correlated. As expected, the ACT performance was worse in schizophrenic patients compared to controls. The internal consistency of the adapted version of ACT was found to be at a reliable level (alpha=0.8535). The Turkish version of ACT can be considered to be a reliable and valid measure of working memory.

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