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OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association of patient age with pathological and long‐term oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder carcinoma, as this disease, like many others, increases in incidence with age.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed 241 consecutive patients with invasive bladder cancer who had RC between 1990 and 2007. The age at RC was analysed both as a continuous and categorical (≤50 years, 38 patients; 51–69, 172; or ≥70, 31) variable. Survival was also analysed.RESULTSIncreasing age, analysed as a continuous and categorical variable, was associated with advanced pathological stage (P = 0.009 and 0.006, respectively). The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rates for patients according to the age groups were 78.5%, 44.9% and 28.1%, respectively, and Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed an increased risk of bladder cancer‐specific death with advancing age (P < 0.001). Being older at RC was an important prognostic factor for disease‐specific survival in a multivariate Cox regression model. Patients aged ≥70 years had a significantly higher risk of disease than patients aged ≤50 years (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONSHigher age at RC is significantly associated with the risk of pathologically advanced disease and poorer cancer‐specific survival. More prospective work is needed to examine the impact of age on tumour biology and cancer‐specific survival.

Repeated mTESE in patients with NOA is a feasible option, yielding considerably high sperm recovery rate. In patients with NOA, mTESE may safely be repeated one or more times to increase sperm retrieval rate, as well as to increase the chance of retrieving fresh spermatozoa to enable ICSI.

Cornu-fundal localization of the placenta, smoking, greater maternal weight gain, higher body mass index at term, greater placental weight, shorter umbilical cord, and lower estimated fetal weight may be predictive of persistent breech presentation. Reduced fetal heart rate variability did not have an adverse effect on Apgar scores after cesarean delivery in breech fetuses with no other problems at term.

Aim: In order to have an idea about the success rates after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with lower-pole stones, we reviewed the caliceal anatomy of the patients treated in our clinic. Patients and Methods: One hundred and ninety-eight patients having at least a 3-month follow-up period, with a single stone located in the lower pole, were included. Lower infundibulopelvic angle (LIP-A), infundibular width, and infundibular length were measured from standard intravenous urograms taken before initial ESWL. Results: One hundred and thirty patients (65%) were male, and 68 patients (35%) were female. We found no impact of age, sex, and affected side on the results of ESWL. The overall stone-free rate was 61.1% after 3 months of follow-up. The stone-free rates were 47.8 and 81.4% in patients with an acute (<70°) and an obtuse (≧70°) LIP-A, respectively (p = 0.007). Taking the infundibular width into consideration, the stone-free rates were 85.4 and 43.2% for favorable and unfavorable angles and widths (p = 0.003). However, infundibular length and stone sizes were not found to have important effects on a stone-free status (p = 0.546 and p = 0.283). Conclusion: We conclude that LIP-A (≧70°) has the greatest impact on the clearance of residual fragments produced by SWL.