The Genital warts are common sexually transmitted diseases caused by definite types of human papillomavirus. There are many strategies for the treatment of genital wart and intralesional immunotherapy is considered to be a safe and effective treatment modality. However, there are lack of studies that comparing the clinical effectiveness of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) and Candida antigen (CA) in genital wart treatment. To investigate the effectiveness and safety of PPD and CA in the treatment of genital warts. Eighty patients were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups with 40 patients in each. Each antigen was injected intralesionally at a dose of 0.1 ml into the largest wart every 2 weeks until complete improvement or for a maximum of four sessions. Complete clinical response was demonstrated in 65%, 62.5% in PPD and CA groups, respectively. There was no statistically difference between both groups. After the 3-month follow-up period, 72.5%, 85% of patients showed complete clearance in PPD and CA groups respectively. Side effects were mild and insignificant in both groups. Recurrence was observed in only one patient in each group. Immunotherapy by intralesional PPD and CA injection is considered to be effective and well-tolerated modalities in treatment of genital wart with minimal side effects and recurrence rate compared to other modalities.

Background Several studies demonstrated the efficacy of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) immunotherapy in warts eradication. Nevertheless, the precise induced immune mechanisms are undetermined. Injected PPD is hypothesized to induce a delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with cytokines release. Interleukin (IL)‐18 has a major role in defense against viral infection via inducing interferon‐γ release from T‐helper 1 and natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, IL‐18 triggers Fas ligand expression on cytotoxic T cells and NK cells enhancing their cytotoxicity against virally infected cells. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the role of IL‐18 in the response to intralesional PPD injection in patients with warts. Methods The study included 25 patients with warts and 25 HCs. Patients underwent PPD skin test, and only patients with positive tests were included and received intralesional PPD injections starting 72 h after the test then every 2 weeks until wart clearance or a maximum of 3 sessions. Serum IL‐18 level was measured via enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay in patients (pre‐treatment and 2 weeks after the last injection) and HCs. Results After 3 sessions of injection, six (24%) patients were designated responders, nine (36%) patients showed partial response, and 10 (40%) patients were designated non‐responders. Serum IL‐18 level, post‐treatment, was significantly higher than pre‐treatment level (p = 0.025) and level in HCs (p = 0.036). Furthermore, the post‐treatment level was significantly higher in responders than non‐responders (p = 0.025). Conclusion IL‐18 is probably implicated in the immune mechanisms induced by PPD injection that cause eradication of warts.

Background Many therapeutic modalities are available for treating genital warts; however, the effectiveness of both diphenylcyclopropenone and podophyllin is still controversial. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of diphenylcyclopropenone and podophyllin in treating genital warts. Methods This study included 57 patients, divided randomly into two groups. Group (A): diphenylcyclopropenone ( n = 29). Group (B): podophyllin 25% ( n = 28). In group (A), sensitization was done with 2% diphenylcyclopropenone. Then, after 1 or 2 weeks, treatment started with a weekly application of diphenylcyclopropenone solutions ranging between 0.001 and 1% until clearance, or for a maximum of 10 sessions. In group (B), podophyllin 25% was applied weekly until clearance or for a maximum of 6 weeks. Results Higher clearance was achieved in group A, with 19 of 29 (65.5%) patients, than in group B, with 9 of 28 (32.1%) ( p-value = 0.004). Also, effectiveness increases with young age in group A. Shorter wart duration was associated with better response in both groups ( p-value = 0.005). No serious adverse effects occurred in either group. No recurrence was detected in group A, while seven patients (77.8%) had recurrence in group B after 1 year of follow up. Conclusion Diphenylcyclopropenone shows a higher success rate than podophyllin in treating genital warts and a lower recurrence rate.

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