Şanlıurfa is an important archaeological and cultural region where people have left permanent artifacts dating back to 12 thousand years. For this reason, it is very important to record and document the artifacts in this region where cultural heritage is very intense. With the developing technology, it has become easier to document historical artifacts and to transfer them to future generations. In this direction, historical artifacts can be recorded easily and accurately with the photogrammetry technique, which is one of the important tools offered by developing technology. With this method, a detailed model of the historical artifact can be created and recorded in the digital environment. In this study, a point cloud and a 3D model of a carving stone, located in the region known as Şuayip City, located 80 km south of Şanlıurfa, was produced by photogrammetry, and the details of the carving stone were revealed. At the result of the study, the carving on the stone was revealed by using various filtering techniques.
Şanlıurfa is one of the largest and oldest settlements in Mesopotamia. Such that Şanlıurfa, who saw the sovereignty of civilizations such as Ebla,
ABSTRACT:Turkey is a rich country in historical monuments. In the district of Harran, Şanlıurfa province, the work was done, an ancient city and many other ruins beside the world's first university can be found. Considering the climate and sensitive structure of the studied region 3D modeling is a suitable technique. By means of such works reconstruction, that can show us the former state of the region will be enabled at a later point of time. In case the historical site would be destroyed in any way, it will be useful for recording the work as a visual and digital resource. Then, when the work has to be restored, the data can be used as a base and realistic restoration projects could be carried out.
Uncontrolled tourism activities cause the destruction of nature and deterioration of the ecological balance. Since coastal areas are both economically and socially important, monitoring shoreline changes has become one of the important research areas. Monitoring short-term and long-term changes in coastal areas is important to prevent damages that may occur due to natural and human factors and protect the shorelines. In this study, which is an important tourist city of Antalya, Turkey, and the world, coastal changes using historical and recent satellite data have been analyzed. The focus of the study is to analyze long-term coastal change with Landsat data and the data obtained every 5 years between 1985 and 2020 and to analyze short-term change with annual Sentinel-2 data between 2015 and 2020. In the study, water areas on the coastline were determined by object-based classification and multiresolution segmentation method with the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI). The obtained shorelines were analyzed with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool and the changes in the coastal areas were determined statistically. Five-year and 35-year changes were compared with Linear Regression Rate (LRR) and End Point Rate (EPR) analyses. As a result of the study, when the Pearson’s r value between EPR and LRR was examined, r was found 0.916 and 0.944 for 5-year and 35-year data, respectively. Spatial resolution in satellite images is vital for shoreline detection. However, the most optimal way to detect long-term changes in the shoreline is to use Landsat data. Although the spatial resolution of Landsat data, it has been observed that the power to analyze annual variation differences is lower than Sentinel-2.
Anahtar Kelimeler ÖZ Veri Füzyonu İHA İHA fotogrametri Yakın resim fotogrametri Kültürel miras 3B model Kültürel mirasa konu olan eserlerin belgelenmesinde uzun zamandır farklı yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Sayısallaşmanın hızlı gelişimi ile ön plana çıkan yöntemlerden birisi de fotogrametri yöntemidir. Özellikle yakın resim fotogrametrisi kültürel mirasın belgelenmesinde farklı disiplinlerce etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. İnsansız hava araçları (İHA) kültürel mirasın belgelenmesinde yakın resim fotogrametrisiyle birlikte kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. İHA'ların bu alana entegre edilmesindeki en büyük etken yer merkezli çekilen fotoğraflarda üst cephelerin tam anlamıyla belgelenememesidir. Bu sorun İHA'lar ile büyük ölçüde ortadan kalkmıştır. Bu çalışmada da yakın resim fotogrametri ile İHA fotogrametrisi teknikleri kullanılarak veri füzyonu oluşturulmuş ve Kanlıdivane bazilikasının sayısal platformda fotogerçekçi doku kaplanarak 3B belgelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen bulgular karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca elde edilen modellerin karesel ortalama hataları yersel fotogrametri, İHA fotogrametrisi ve veri füzyonu için hesaplanmış ve sırasıyla 1.306, 1.330, 1.373 cm bulunmuştur.
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