In this paper, two new versions of modified active disturbance rejection control (MADRC) are proposed to stabilize a nonlinear quadruple tank system and control the water levels of the lower two tanks in the presence of exogenous disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and parallel varying input set-points. The first proposed scheme is configured from the combination of a modified tracking differentiator (TD), modified super twisting sliding mode (STC-SM), and modified nonlinear extended state observer (NLESO), while the second proposed scheme is obtained by aggregating another modified TD, a modified nonlinear state error feedback (MNLSEF), and a fal-function-based ESO. The MADRC schemes with a nonlinear quadruple tank system are investigated by running simulations in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and several comparison experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used as a tuning algorithm to parametrize the proposed MADRC schemes with the integral time absolute error (ITAE), integral square of the control signal (ISU), and integral absolute of the control signal (IAU) as an output performance index (OPI). Finally, the simulation results show the robustness of the proposed schemes with a noticeable reduction in the OPI.
This study presents a quad-band bandpass filter with high selectivity, compact size, and highly independent bands using a folded C-shape resonator, short stub-SIR resonator, and two folded L-shape resonators. The suggested structure consists of two separate filters. The upper filter is made up of a short stub-SIR resonator loaded on a C-shape resonator resonating at 2.59 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively. The lower filter is made up of two folded L-shape resonators resonating at 4.89 GHz and 6.15 GHz, respectively. The frequencies at which the filter resonates are designed and arranged with high independence. The proposed filter achieves insertion loss of −2.7 dB, −0.7 dB, 2.3 dB, and −0.4 dB, and return loss of −13.32 dB, −11.03 dB, −9.17 dB, and −17.89 dB, respectively. In addition, eight transmission zeros appeared. The proposed design has a compact size of 0.19λg × 0.15λg and is built on an RO4350B substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.66, loss tangent of 0.0037, and thickness of 0.508 mm. Finally, the suggested filter is intended to be used in 5G mobile communications and international mobile telecommunications services.
Present various design techniques for present and future 5G applications. Presents and discusses a comparison of alternative design techniques and layouts while focusing on the most important parameters of microstrip BPFs. Deriving the major challenges from these reviews, which included the size, performance, and individuality of microstrip BPFs filters.For a long time, extensive research on microstrip bandpass filters has been documented to meet the standards of modern multiservice wireless communication systems. The multiband bandpass filters (BPF) are required for the receiver front end to function as a single device that caters to many bands at the same time. Planar bandpass filters are particularly promising because of their simplicity of manufacture using printed circuit technology, compactness, and low integration cost. Due to the need for high integration, low cost, and high-speed data transmission, the design and implementation of filters for fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems is difficult. This paper presents and discusses a detailed survey of existing research on microstrip single\multiband bandpass filter designs for fifth-generation applications, with a focus on the latest advancements in this research and the difficulties that researchers face. Various designs and techniques were given. A detailed comparison of several design techniques is presented and discussed to offer researchers the benefits and drawbacks of each technique and design that may be of interest to a certain application. Recent microstrip single/multiband BPFs are included in the surveys, which use different design techniques and achieve varying performance for current and future fifthgeneration applications.
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