Smartphone addiction has emerged as a major concern among children over the past few years and incredibly increase with the outbreak of COVID-19, making a greater threat to their physical and mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation to bullying victimization, sleep problems, and depression among children. Sample: a total of 300 children (102 boys and 198 girls), 9-14 years old participated in the study. Setting: This study was conducted at two schools (Salka primary school, and 'Salka' preparatory school) in Salka village, Shpin Elkom city, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection. Tool 1 consists of two parts. Part one was sociodemographic data questionnaire and part two was Smartphone Addiction Inventory Scale. Tool two: Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Tool three: School Bullying/Victimization Scale. Tool four: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: According to the cut-off level on the smartphone addiction, sleep quality, depression, and bullying scales, of the 300 children, 209(69.67) were addicted to smartphones and 246 (82%) have poor sleep quality, 264 (88%) were depressed and 249 (84.41%) were bullied.
Objectives To determine the pattern, risk factors and consequences of injuries among school children, and to implement an injury control program in preparatory school in Ismailia city and to evaluate its impact on the knowledge and behaviour of the students. Design cross-sectional school-based study of selected preparatory school in Ismailia city, followed by a cohort prospective school-based study to implement injury control program and to evaluate its impact. Methodology Personal and demographic characteristics of the recruited students and data on injuries that needed medical care or caused activity restriction during the last year were collected. Educational and training program targeting school children was developed and implemented in the chosen school, aiming at improving students' knowledge about injury prevention and first aid for injuries. The program included series of lectures, posters, video-presentations and practical injury first aid training program. Results The study included 197 pupils with a mean age of 13.16+1.61 years. Incidence of injuries among school children was 35.5%. The most common external causes of injuries sustained by the children were falls (44%) and near drowning (16%). The study revealed significant lack of knowledge concerning causes, risk factors, prevention and first aid for injuries among the studies pupils. Children knowledge about these parameters improved significantly after the health promotion and training program implementation. Conclusions There is great need for safety promotion program for injury prevention and for injury first aid training for school children. This program should also include improvement of safety measures at schools, streets and at home.
Background: Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly (NSP) is acquired cranial asymmetry that usually caused by external pressure on infant's skull. The aims, of this study were two folds: to evaluate the effect of Evidence-Based guidelines for prevention of nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly on nurses' and parent knowledge and to determine the effect of applying the Evidence-Based Guidelines on the occurrence rate of NSP. Design, A quasi experimental design was used in this study. Setting, the study was carried out in the following four health care centers in Menoufia Governorate in Egypt (the health center in Barakat Al-Sabaa, the health care unit in Barakat Al-Sabaa, and the health unit in the village of Al-Shaheed Fikry the health unit in the village of Al-Rawda). Sample, Convenience sample of 58 nurses and purposive sample of 295 mothers and their infants. Tools, three tools were used for data collection tool one: part one ,Nurses' Biosocial Characteristics Questionnaire, part two Nurses 'knowledge assessment Questionnaire. Tool two, the Parents knowledge assessment Questionnaire. Tool three, Part 1: Biosocial characteristics for infants, and Part 2: Cranium assessment scale. Results, this study showed improvements in nurses' and parents' knowledge about the prevention of NSP in the study group post-intervention compared to the control group. Therefore, there are high statistical significance differences between pre and postintervention in the study group at a 1% level of significance. The occurrence of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly among study group was (18.2%) at 4 months, while it decreased at 6 months it reaches (7.3%) after implementing evidence-based guidelines, instead of the control group which the occurrence of NSP reach 27.5% and 22% at 4 and 6 months respectively. Conclusions, implementation of evidence-based guidelines regarding prevention of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly significantly increases parents' and nurses' knowledge, also, it decreased the occurrence rate of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly among infant. Recommendation: Continuous training of evidencebased guidelines should be established in each maternal and child health care centers to enhance parents adherence to evidence base regarding preventive measure of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly.
BackgroundOver the counter medications are drugs that are purchased without medical prescription. The use of these medications in children is usually initiated by parents. Using over counter medicine in developing countries found to be higher than in industrialized countries. Aim: Assess perceived risks and practices for over the counter medications among mothers of children under five years. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Pediatric outpatient clinics of Tanta and Kafr-Elsheikh University Main Hospital. A convivence sample of 1000 mother of children under age 5 participated in the study. Tools: data was collected using three tools: Socio-demographic data questionnaire, Drug Use Health Belief Scale, and Over-the-Counter Medication Practices Questionnaire Results: the use of over the Counter medications was reported by all the participants in the study and 43.2% of mothers reported purchasing over the Counter for their children 3-4 times during this month. Most used medication were antipyretics to save the life of the child in cases of emergency (62.5%). 58.9% of the participants had unsatisfactory practice regarding over the counter medication use. A highly positive significant correlation (r=0.69 p=0.0001) was found between mothers' perceived risks and their reported practice. Conclusion: using over the Counter medications is common among the study participants and for different reasons. There is a over the counter medications. Recommendation: This research draw the attention to this serious problem. Strategies and educational program should be implemented to improve mothers' perception and practice about using over counter medications. Key words: (Over the counter medicine, under five aged children, Perceived benefits, Perceived barriers, Perceived risks, and self-efficacy).
Perinatal depression is the most common childbirth complication which could adversely affect the whole family. Mothers with perinatal depression are more likely to deliver a baby with low birth weight, decrease head circumference, and low cognitive and physical growth. This study estimates the prevalence of perinatal depression and identifies the associated factors. This was a crosssectional study conducted at the King Fahd Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. Four hundred women participated in the study: 200 prenatal women who exceeded 20 weeks of pregnancy, and 200 postpartum women in their first year after delivery that exceeded 3 weeks from delivery. The participants completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, and a questionnaire about obstetric and sociodemographic data. The prevalence of perinatal depression was 22%; the prevalence in prenatal women was 23.5%, and in postnatal women it was found to be 20.5%. The associated factors were marital relationship problems, exposure to difficult events, having low socioeconomic status, lack of support from the family, and being a victim of domestic violence. One-fourth of the samples were affected by perinatal depression. Routine screening of perinatal depression is highly recommended; to decrease the complications and the feeling of stigma.
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