Infections due to Salmonella strains constitute one of the major health problems in humans, particularly in Africa. The use of traditional herbs has proven effective in reducing the incidence of infection in some high-risk groups. To assess the effects of Momordica charantia leaf extracts that influence blood infection, an in vitro study of the effect on macrophages and neutrophils and treatment of mouse model of S. typhi infection was done. Methanol and diethyl ether extracts were concerned by this study. In vitro study was to assess the effects of extracts on phagocytosis, and related intracellular killing mechanisms of macrophages were examined. Later, mobilization of leukocytes and production of antibodies against S. typhi were measured followed by quantitating cultures evaluation of the blood infection of orally inoculated mice with S. typhi. Ingestion or attachment of carbon particles, production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and that of lysosomal acid phosphatase by macrophages and neutrophils were significantly increased by methanol and diethyl extracts at concentrations ranging from 40 μg/ml to 640 μg/ml. Antibody titer and mobilization of leukocytes, particularly lymphocytes against S. typhi, were highly increased by both methanol and diethyl extracts at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. At the same time, the extracts have reduced the rate of blood colonization in mice inoculated with 108 CFU of S. typhi for 28 days. Reduction in blood colonization or infection rates was similar for the levamisole mice group. The results of this study should prove that the leaves of Momordica charantia are useful for the treatment of infections by Salmonella strains and for the assessment of drugs for therapeutic intervention.
18Infections due to salmonella strains constitute one of the major health problems in 19 humans, particularly in Africa. Use of traditional herbs has proven effective in reducing the 20 incidence of infection in some high-risk groups. To assess the effects of Momordica charantia 21 leaf extracts that influence blood infestation, in vitro study of the effect on macrophages and 22 neutrophils, and treatment of mouse model of S. typhi infection was done. Methanol and 23 diethyl ether extracts were concerned by this study. In vitro study was to assess the effects of 24 extracts on phagocytosis and related intracellular killing mechanisms of macrophages were 25 examined. Later, mobilization of leukocytes and production of antibodies against S. typhi 26 were measured followed by quantitating cultures evaluation of the blood infestation of orally 27 inoculated mice with S. thyphi. Ingestion or attachment of carbon particles, production of 28 superoxide anion, nitric oxide and that of lysosomal acid phosphatase by macrophages and 29 neutrophils were significantly increased by methanol and diethyl extracts at concentrations 30 ranging from 40 µg/ml to 640 µg/ml. Antibody titer and mobilization of leukocytes, 31 particularly lymphocytes against S. typhi were highly increased by both methanol and diethyl 32 extracts at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. In the same the extracts have reduced the 33 rate of blood infestation in mice inoculated with 10 8 CFU of S. typhi for 28 days. Reduction in 34 blood infestation rates was similar for levamisole mice group. Results of this study should 35 prove useful of leave of Momordica charantia for treatment of infections by salmonella 36 strains and for assessment of drugs for therapeutic intervention.37 Salmonellosis 3 40 Background 41The immune system has a fundamental role in protecting the body against pathogenic 42 microbial agents [1] . Once activated, the immune system produces immediate response by the 43 activation of immune component cells and production of various cytokines, chemokines and 44 inflammatory mediators. In several conditions, the system is a target of a numerous drugs and 45 herbs known as immunomodulators act by achieving immunostimulation (as in the treatment 46 of AIDS) or achieving immunosuppression (e.g. the treatment of autoimmune disease) [2] . 47 Salmonella infections are extremely common in the Cameroon. Frequently 48 asymptomatic, salmonellosis imposes costs upon the public sector, on industry, in particular 49 the wholesale and retail food industry, and very importantly upon the infected person and 50 their family. Given both the wide distribution of Salmonella in foodstuffs and the frequency 51 of asymptomatic Salmonella carriage, it is difficult to envision how any restaurant might 52 prevent the occasional case of Salmonella transmission despite emphasis on hygienic 53 practices. Salmonella infection is therefore a risk of everyday life, especially for persons who 54 dine out frequently. As in all diseases, containment of Salmonella infect...
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