The aim of this study was to investigate potential cellular responses and biological effects of new generation dental composites on cortical neuron cells in two different exposure times. The study group included five different bulk-fill flow able composites; Surefil SDR Flow, X-tra Base Flow, Venus Bulk Flow, Filtek Bulk Flow and Tetric-Evo Flow. They were filled in Teflon molds (Height: 4 mm, Width: 6 mm) and irradiated for 20 s. Cortical neuron cells were inoculated into 24-well plates. After 80% of the wells were coated, the 3 µm membrane was inserted and dental filling materials were added. The experiment was continued for 24 and 72 h. Cell viability measured by MTT assay test, total antioxidant and total oxidant status were examined using real assay diagnostic kits. The patterns of cell death (apoptosis) were analyzed using annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. Β-defensins were quantitatively assessed by RT-PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokines were measured from the supernatants. All composites significantly affected analyses parameters during the exposure durations. Our data provide evidence that all dental materials tested are cytotoxic in acute phase and these effects are induced cellular death after different exposure periods. Significant cytotoxicity was detected in TE, XB, SS, FBF and VBF groups at 24 and 72 h, respectively.
This study was performed to evaluate possible DNA damage in cells of human origin exposed to dental composites in vitro using a cytotoxic assay. Five bulk-fill composites were filled in molds and irradiated for 20 s. DPSCs were inoculated into 24-well plates. After the insert membrane was inserted and composites were added and the experiment was continued for 24/72 hours. In order to investigate the effects of the materials on DPSCs; its effect on apoptosis-regulating Bcl-2 gene, Human Beta-Defensins (HBDs 1-2) gene, Interleukin 6, 8, 10 expression level was examined. Also in order to check the cellular viability and stress factors; MTT assay, Total Antioxidant and Oxidant Status kits were used. At both irradiation times, all composites significantly affected analyses parameters used in primary DNA damage assessment or induced significant formation of cellular death. Cytotoxicity was detected in TE<SS<FBF<XB<VBF groups at 24 hour, and after 72 hour this sequence has changed.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage of different commercially available dental composites with micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Method: The study group included eight different flowable composites; Surefil SDR Flow (SDR), Charisma Flow (CHF), Clearfil Majesty Flow (CMF), Vertise Flow (VF), Grandio Flow (GF), Filtek Supreme Ultimate Flow (3MEFU), Filtek Bulk Flow (3MBF), X-Tra Base Flow (XTB). Composite materials were placed in standard cylindrical teflon molds and these were scanned for 1 h using μ-CT Skyscan 1172. Polymerization was not observed during scanning since the internal chamber of the equipment was completely dark. When the scanning was complete, materials were polymerized with LED light as per producer recommendations and rescanned with Skyscan 1172 using the same parameters. After the scanning process was over, test materials were analyzed using μ-CT-CTAn software programme. Results: Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon test at a significance level of α=0.05. Polymerization shrinkage ranged between 1.44% (CMF) and 2.73% (CHF). Bulk-fill and Self-adhesive composites were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of the others. Conclusion: All tested materials were able to achieve acceptable shrinkage at 2-4 mm depth. The higher shrinkage of hybrid composites over that of other groups may indicate a potential for higher interfacial stresses. However, the bulk fill composite showed low shrinkage that may prove less damaging to the interface.
Objectives: Composite resins should undergo attentive tests to specify their biocompatibility before they have contact with the teeth, regardless of physico-mechanical properties. Hence, this study has been carried out to assess the knowledge of potential cellular responses and biological effects of composite resins on three different cells after two different exposure times. Methods: The composites Surefil SDR flow, Dentsply Caulk/ABD (SS), X-tra base flowable, Voco Cuxhaven Germany (XB), Venus Bulk Flow, Voco Cuxhaven Germany (VB), Filtek Bulk Flow, 3 M/ ESPE-USA (FB), Tetric-Evo bulk flow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein (TE) were immersed into molds (Height: 4 mm, Width: 6 mm) and polymerized according to manufacturer's instructions. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), cortical neuron cells (CNCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were inoculated into 24-well plates, separately. Then, the insert membranes with a 3 µm pore width compatible for plates were inserted and dental composite samples were added. The experimental procedures were performed after 24 h and 72 h. The cell viability of the cells was obtained from an MTT assay. Total antioxidant (TAS) and oxidant (TOS) status were examined by using real assay diagnostic kits. The dynamic process of apoptosis analysed by using annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. Human beta defensins were assessed by RT-PCR. Lastly, supernatants were analysed for production of IL6, IL8 and IL10 cytokines. Results: According to analysis of variance, there were significant differences between three cells. There was an increase in the cytotoxicity values in some groups after 72 h. A 24 h and 72 h experiment revealed that VB was the strongest cytotoxic agent, followed sequentially by XB and FB. Exposure of cells to the composites of SS, XB, VB, FB and TE for 24 h reduced the cell number approximately by 6, 24, 35.6, 28.6 and 1%. A 72 h reduced the cell number for 25.3, 31.6, 40.6, 50.3 and 8%, respectively, by SS, XB, VB, FB and TE. Conclusions: It can be concluded that from all these data, if the three cell cultures are compared, cortical neuron cells were more sensitive to the resin composites.
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