Introduction: Social accountability has received much research attention in recent decades. Social accountability has been identified as an important prerequisite in development; however different development targets each have a particular definition of social accountability. The aim of this study was to provide indicators for application in making assessments for the progress of medical science colleges and institutions towards social accountability. Methods: This research was conducted as a qualitative study in 2015. The research aimed to explore indicators of social accountability in medical science training institutions using three rounds of the Delphi technique. A group of experts was gathered from among all regions of Iran. Prior to the first round of Delphi, some proposed measures were identified from a review of the related literature. In the first round, content validity ratio values were determined for each indicator and accountability assessment was the made by the group of experts. In the second round of Delphi, item-content validity index determinations were made according to relevance and clarity of the indicators. In the third final round, confirmation of indicators was made by the group of experts. Results: The four main domains of organization and performance, educational activities, research activities and cooperation in health services in society and region, were confirmed using the Delphi method. Finally, 58 objective indicators were listed for these 4 domains. Conclusions: Determination of national criteria for evaluating social accountability is a major step toward improving accountability in medical training institutions. Evaluations for medical training institutions based on criteria derived from this study were determined as efficient. But further research is needed on function of the mentioned criteria in relation to fulfilling the needs of society.
introduction universities play a significantly important role in the development of societies. Furthermore, they have always been exposed to internal and external changes. Therefore, they are required to adapt themselves to the environment and its conditions in order to meet the needs and realize the values of society. In this regard, Universities of Medical Sciences across the country have attempted to manage their paradigmatic transition to entrepreneurship in order to synchronize with global trends. so, this study aimed to evaluate the futures faced by the higher education system in Iran in the move toward third-generation universities and globalization, using the scenario planning approach. Methods In this research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were used, in three phase: I: Identifying the variables affecting the future of medical education, II: Finalizing Key Factors for Prediction and Building Scenarios (Future Estimates), Phase III: Building the Future (Scenario-making) Results Five factors, which had high impact and possibility of occurrence, were selected as the final key factors in the movement of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences toward the third-generation university. A: The ability of the system to funding the university B: stabilization of long-term policy-making towards the realization of third-generation university C: the cultural and attitudinal infrastructures of university D: Status of hardware (equipment) and software (educational contents and processes) infrastructures in this regards. Conclusion Four compatible scenarios was extracted using the Scenario Wizard Software. 1. quick move toward the third-generation universities 2. opening the wing of e-learning and virtual schools 3. turtle movement 4. alert of moving backward to first-generation universities. It seems that a proper and principled policy-making for moving toward third-generation universities is an essential goal, hence the future of this path must be clarified and a joint vision must be created.
Background: With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, all the aspects of educational institutions such as universities have been affected. Trainings have changed from face-to-face and physical to online and digital. Therefor an educational reform has been recognized as a priority toward adaptation of universities with the current situation and transition to third-generation universities in order to synchronize with global trends. This study evaluated the preparedness of universities to manage the outbreak and moving toward a new generation, using the scenario planning approach. Methods: A mixed method design was used including three phases: 1) Identifying the variables affecting the future of medical education, 2) Prediction and building scenarios (future estimates), 3) Building the future (scenario-making).Results: The COVID-19 pandemic represents an enduring transformation in education with the advancement of smart universities, telehealth, adaptive research protocols, personalized and self-controlled learning and flexible approaches to achieve solutions. Conclusions: It is Inevitable that in this situation, the future of this path, must be clarified and a joint vision (scenarios) must be created. It is suggested that educational and environmental key factors should be constantly monitored to keep up with the process of managing the situation, globalization and the expansion of entrepreneurial universities.
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