The aim of this study is to investigate whether the use of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can improve the differential diagnostic performance between hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (HIPT) and other malignant tumors.Material and methods: Forty-four patients with histological proven HIPTs were included in this retrospective study. The features of conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS were evaluated.Results: Three kinds of enhanced pattern can be seen in the 44 nodules including homogeneous (n=18, 41%), heterogeneous (n=16, 36%) and rim-like enhancement (n=10, 23%). All of the nodules showed hypo-enhancement during the portal and delayed phase. The dominant nodules (n=29, 66%) presented wash-out within 60 s after contrast injection. Quick wash-in and wash-out was seen in 18 nodules (41%). Eighteen nodules (41%) were correctly diagnosed as HIPT, whereas the remaining 26 cases were misdiagnosed as malignancies (n=20, 45%) or with an uncertain diagnosis (n=6, 14%).Conclusion: CEUS was not enough to differentiate HIPT from hepatic malignancies, especially intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastasis. However, some CEUS imaging characteristics may be helpful for HIPT diagnosis

Objectives To explore the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and optic disc height (ODH) in detecting intracranial hypertension in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM). Methods Seventy‐two patients with NSCLC‐LM and 65 patients with NSCLC were enrolled. The ONSD, ODH, eyeball transverse diameter (ETD), and eyeball vertical diameter (EVD) were measured by ultrasound. Subsequently, lumbar puncture was performed in NSCLC‐LM patients to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), and intrathecal chemotherapy was regularly implemented. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CSFP and ultrasound findings. The diagnostic accuracy of ONSD, ODH, and combined ONSD and ODH was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the corresponding area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results The ONSD, ODH, ONSD/ETD, and ONSD/EVD values were higher in the NSCLC‐LM group (all p < 0.05). The ONSD, ODH, ONSD/ETD, and ONSD/EVD values were all elevated in the abnormally elevated CSFP group (all p < 0.05). ONSD, ODH, ONSD/ETD, and ONSD/EVD were positively correlated with CSFP ( r = 0.531, 0.383, 0.534, and 0.535, all p < 0.0001). The AUCs for ONSD, ODH, ONSD/ETD, and ONSD/EVD to detect CSFP >280 mmH2O were 0.787 (95% CI: 0.64–0.93, sensitivity 68.75%, specificity 91.07%), 0.885 (95% CI: 0.81–0.96, sensitivity 100%, specificity 69.64%), 0.765 (95% CI: 0.64–0.89, sensitivity 81.25%, specificity 64.29%), and 0.788 (95% CI: 0.64–0.93, sensitivity 56.25%, specificity 91.07%), respectively. When ONSD was combined with ODH, the AUC was 0.913 (95% CI: 0.83–0.99, sensitivity 87.85%, specificity 85.70%). Furthermore, intrathecal chemotherapy was associated with a downtrend in CSFP and ultrasound findings. Conclusion There are important advantages of using bedside ultrasonography for detecting elevated CSFP in NSCLC‐LM patients. Further research should be performed to evaluate the clinical significance of an enlarged ONSD and increased ODH in NSCLC‐LM.