Formaldehyde (FA) is a widespread indoor air pollutant, and its efficient detection is a major industrial challenge. The development of a building material with real-time and visual self-detection of FA gas is highly desirable for meeting both construction and human health demands. Herein, a luminescent transparent wood (LTW) as the building material was developed for dual-channel, real-time, and visual detection of FA gas. It was fabricated by encapsulating multicolor lignin-derived carbon dots (CDs) and poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) into a delignified wood framework. It exhibited 85% optical transmittance, tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and ratiometric fluorescence (FL) emission. The tunable luminescence was attributed to different CD graphitization and surface functionalization. The color-responsive ratiometric FL and delayed RTP detections of FA were displayed over the range of 20–1500 μM (R 2 = 0.966, LOD = 1.08 nM) and 20–2000 μM (R 2 = 0.977, LOD = 45.8 nM), respectively. The LTW was also used as an encapsulation film on a UV-emitting InGaN chip to form white light-emitting diodes, indicating the feasibility as an FA-responsive planar light source. The operational notion of functional LTW can expand its applications to new fields such as a stimuli-responsive light-transmitting window or planar light sources while monitoring indoor air pollutants, temperature, and humidity.

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Remediation of oil spills requires new technologies to separate light oil/water/heavy oil mixtures. Low-cost, biological, and environmentally friendly materials are needed to treat water pollution caused by oils. In this study, a corn straw powder (CSP)-coated fabric (CSPF) was fabricated by spraying waste CSP and polyurethane onto amphiphilic cotton fabric, and thus, the wettability of CSPF is enhanced by taking advantage of the hierarchical structure and increased surface roughness. Therefore, the CSPF could be dually prewetted (DCSPF) with both water and oil, and it showed underwater superoleophobic and under oil superhydrophobic properties without any further chemical modification. When applied to light oil/water/heavy oil separation, the DCSPF could be used to successively separate light oil/water/heavy oil three-phase mixtures under gravity with a high separation efficiency and flux. In addition, the DCSPF showed excellent structural and chemical stability according to repeated cycling and corrosive solution/oil separation experiments. The results of this study are of value in providing a simple, low-cost, and environment-friendly approach for application in the field of successive separation of light oil/water/heavy oil three-phase mixtures.