Freshwater fishes worldwide face an array of threats from dam construction, river fragmentation, pollution, over‐exploitation and interactions with introduced species. Such impacts are especially prevalent in densely populated countries undergoing rapid development, and their effects are felt most strongly where regional fish diversity is high. We reviewed studies of the distribution of freshwater fish species throughout China to map a biogeographical pattern and ascertain the environmental factors contributing to this distribution. We then linked this information to identify geographic areas to be recommended as the focus of conservation efforts. A total of 920 species in 302 genera, 54 families and 21 orders were recorded. Among the recorded species, 73% were Cypriniformes and 12% were Siluriformes. Cyprinidae was the most dominant family with 473 species, followed by Balitoridae with 157 species. The administrative division of the biogeography of China's freshwater fishes consisted of nine regions, including the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Region, Oriental Region, Northwest Region, South Region, Loess Plateau Region, Heilongjiang Region, Upper Yangtze Region, 3H Plain Region and Middle‐Lower Yangtze Plain Region. The river system was the primary factor in determining China's freshwater fish biogeography. Under stepwise regression analysis, river discharge was found to be the most influential factor in determining richness, followed by population size and net primary productivity. The higher level of fish endemicity and sensitivity to environmental change led to the identification of Southwest China and the higher areas of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau as the primary areas to be considered for fish conservation and potential natural reserves.
The present paper was attempted to investigate the distribution, the potential ecological hazards and the homologous relativity of heavy metals in soil of Fujian agricultural protection area on the both side of 324 National Road in Xiang'an of Xiamen City. We analyzed the content of heavy metals in the surface of farming soil using ICP-MS and evaluated the potential ecological hazard of heavy metals in the soil of agricultural protection zone in Xiang'an and further investigated the relevance of heavy metals in the soil by the classical Lars Hakanson potential ecological risk index method. Results showed that the potential ecological risk levels (hazard index) of eight kinds of heavy metals in Xiang'an area were classified in the order Cd (94.4)> Hg (54.3)> As (46.7)> Pb (10.5)> Cu (4.3)> Ni (3.1)> Cr (2.3)> Zn (1.9), and the global potential ecological risk index (HI) of heavy metal was 216.8. The comprehensive evaluation of potential ecological risk of agricultural safety belonged to the moderate level. The major pollutants in this area were Cd and Pb, which attained the middle ecological hazard level. Through the correlation analysis of heavy metals, we found that the main external sources of pollution were the waste gas after the combustion of petrol and diesel, the excessive application of pesticides and so on. The internal source of pollution was the high background values of new cover soil.
Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that endangers human health, and its prevalence is exploding and younger. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have a repair function similar to SCs and no risk of tumor formation, which have been widely used in the repair of DM and its complications. We aim to map the hot trends of SC-EVs for the treatment of DM and providing directions for future research.MethodsWe screened all relevant publications on SC-EVs for DM from the Web of Science (Wos) during 2017–2021, and research trends in this field were analyzed by VOSviewer and CiteSpace.ResultsA total of 255 articles related to SC-EVs for DM were screened out according to the search strategy. China (122 publications and 2,759 citations) was the most productive country, followed by the USA (50 publications and 1,167 citations) and Italy (16 publications and 366 citations). The top five institutions with the most publications were located in Italy and China, with Turin University being the most productive. The journals Stem Cell Research and Therapy and International Journal of Molecular Sciences published most of the studies on SC-EVs for DM. ASHOK KUMAR published the majority of articles in this field, while QING LI was the most cited. Cluster analysis indicated that the current research trend is more focused on the repair mechanism and clinical translation of exosomes and their related preparations in promoting DM and its complications.ConclusionIn this study, a comprehensive summary and analysis of the global research trends of SC-EVs used in DM and its complications was performed. In the past 5 years, relevant high-quality publications in this field have increased significantly, and SC-EVs have a good prospect for development in the treatment of DM and its complications.
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