In order to satisfy the increasing demand for the higher transmission capacity of "smart station", millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is expected to play a significant role in the high data rate communication system. Based on the ray-tracing simulation technology, this paper would study wireless channel characteristics of the three-dimensional (3D) model of high-speed railway station at the mmWave band. Key parameters such as path loss exponent, shadow fading factor, delay spread, Rician K-factor, angular spread, power angle spectrum, and spatial correlation are extracted and investigated. ese channel characteristics are of value for the selection of antenna arrays and even the design of future 5G communication networks in the railway environment.
In this paper, the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel characteristics in peak hours at the 5.9 GHz band in two typical urban road scenarios, the urban straight road and the intersection, are investigated. The channel characteristics, such as path loss, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and angular spread, are derived from the ray-tracing (RT) simulations. Due to the low height of antennas at both the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx), the line of sight (LOS) between the Tx and the Rx will often be obstructed by other vehicles. Based on the RT simulation results, the shadowing loss is modelled by the multimodal Gaussian distribution, and path loss models in both LOS and non-LOS (NLOS) conditions are obtained. And the RMS delay spread in two scenarios can be modelled by the Weibull distribution. In addition, the deployment of an antenna array is discussed based on the statistics distribution of the angular spread.
The propagation channel around human body will fluctuate due to the body effects, so it is essential to investigate the body channel. As an important method of channel modeling, ray-tracing (RT) is affected by the human body model. In this paper, a realistic human body is modeled with the idea of greedy algorithm. Based on the RT simulation and measurement results of path loss (PL), we derive the approximate shapes of the torso, head, arms, and legs, and propose a reference human body model whose credibility and accuracy have been verified at 2.4 GHz and 60 GHz. These results prove that the simulation results based on the reference human body model are in good agreement with the measurement values. In addition, the reference human body model can be adjusted according to the realistic dimension data of body.
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