Deep learning is a type of high-level learning that has received widespread attention in research on higher education; however, learning scenarios as an important variable have been ignored to some extent in past studies. This study aimed to explore the learning state of engineering students in three learning scenarios: theoretical learning, experimental learning, and engineering practice. Samples of engineering university students in China were recruited online and offline; the students filled in the engineering Education-Study Process Questionnaire, which was revised from the R-SPQ-2F. The results of clustering analysis showed four types of learning approaches in the three scenarios: typical deep learning, typical shallow learning, deep-shallow learning, and free learning. Engineering learners in different learning scenarios tended to adopt different learning approaches and showed gender differences. Due to factors such as differences in culture and choice of learning opportunities, the deep and shallow learners demonstrated excellent learning performance, which is in sharp contrast with the “learning failure” exhibited by such students abroad.
A class of linear impulsive fuzzy dynamic equations on time scales is considered by using the generalized differentiability concept on time scales. Some novel criteria and general forms of solutions are established for such models whose significance lies in proposing the possibility to get unifying forms of solutions for discrete and continuous dynamical systems under uncertainty and to unify corresponding problems in the framework of fuzzy dynamic equations on time scales. Finally, some examples show the applicability of our results.
This paper conducts a study on the competition of service and price under the circumstances of duopoly in the Hotelling linear market, of which the results indicate that the unit variable cost of service level upgrade is large, the service investment undertaken by each firm is insufficient. Besides, we have also taken the situation of government price regulation into consideration, showing that proper price regulation is available to stimulate investment, and the government can apply regulated prices to effectively controlling the level of investment in services.
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