Background: The oil content of Siberian apricot seed kernel (SASK) is generally as high as 50%, and biodiesel fuel properties of SASK oil were conformed to EN 14214 and GB/T 20828-2007 standards. Thus, Prunus sibirica is a novel non-crop feedstock for biodiesel production in China. We have been addressing this issue by studying the regulation of oil accumulation in SASK. Results: As part of this research we have carried out a detailed lipidomic analysis in developing SASK. Here, oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions were studied in developing SASK from AS-80 and AS-84, at intervals of 1 week from 3 weeks after anthesis (WAA) to 9 weeks. The major differences between the two germplasms are higher contents of C18:1 and C18:2 in AS-80 than in AS-84 at a mature stage. The SASKs of 4, 6 and 8 WAA, respectively representing early, mid and late phases of oil accumulation, were selected as optimal samples for lipidomic analysis. The molecular species in individual lipid classes between AS-80 and AS-84 were similar, and exhibited quite distinct patterns with SASK development. Additionally, the lipidomic data coupled with qRT-PCR analysis suggested that three mechanisms allow the flux of FA through phosphatidylcholine that influenced the molecular composition of eventual TAG. Conclusions: The first report on lipidomic analysis during seed development in wood oilseed plants. Our data contribute significantly to understand the underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation in P. sibirica, and may also present strategies for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants.
Background: Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis) is a widely distributed and highly valuable deciduous broadleaf tree from both ecological and economic perspectives. Seeds of Q. variabilis are recalcitrant, i.e., sensitive to desiccation, which affects their storage and long-term preservation of germplasm. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of desiccation sensitivity of Q. variabilis seeds. Results: In this study, the seeds were desiccated with silica gel for 0 day (control, CK), one day (T1) to 15 days (T15). After desiccation, the transcriptomic profiles of these different desiccation stages were compared using the Quercus suber genome as a reference, as well four key stages (CK, T2, T4 and T11) of desiccation sensitivity of Q. variabilis seeds through germination test were identified. A total of 4405, 4441, and 5907 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T2 vs CK, T4 vs CK, and T11 vs CK, respectively. Among them, 2219 DEGs were overlapped in the three comparison groups. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were enriched into 124 pathways, such as "plant hormone signal transduction" and "glycerophospholipid metabolism". DEGs related to hormone synthesis and signal transduction (ZEP, YUC, PYR, ABI5, ERF1B, etc), stress response proteins (LEA D-29, HSP70, etc), and phospholipase D (PLD1) were detected during seed desiccation. These genes and their interactions may regulate the desiccation sensitivity of Q. variabilis seeds. Finally, a possible work model was proposed to show the molecular regulation mechanism of desiccation sensitivity in recalcitrant Q. variabilis seedsConclusions: Our study is the first on the molecular regulation mechanism of desiccation sensitivity of Q. variabilis seeds by using RNA-Seq and propose a possible work model. Our findings could make a great contribute to seed storage and long-term conservation of germplasm resources of recalcitrant seeds in the future.
Background The oil content of Siberian apricot seed kernel (SASK) is generally as high as 50%, and biodiesel fuel properties of SASK oil were conformed to EN 14214 and GB/T 20828-2007 standards.Thus, Prunus sibirica is a novel non-crop feedstock for biodiesel production in China. We have been addressing this issue by studying the regulation of oil accumulation in SASK.Results As part of this research we have carried out a detailed lipidomic analysis in developing SASK.Here, oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions were studied in developing SASK from AS-80 and AS-84, at intervals of 1 week from 3 weeks after anthesis (WAA) to 9 weeks. The major differences between the two germplasms are higher contents of C18:1 and C18:2 in AS-80 than in AS-84 at a mature stage. The SASKs of 4, 6 and 8 WAA, respectively representing early, mid and late phases of oil accumulation, were selected as optimal samples for lipidomic analysis. The molecular species in individual lipid classes between AS-80 and AS-84 were similar, and exhibited quite distinct patterns with SASK development. Additionally, the lipidomic data coupled with qRT-PCR analysis suggested that three mechanisms allow the flux of FA through phosphatidylcholine that influenced the molecular composition of eventual TAG.Conclusions The first report on lipidomic analysis during seed development in wood oilseed plants.Our data contribute significantly to understand the underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation in P. sibirica , and may also present strategies for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants. BackgroundSiberian apricot (Prunus sibirica) is a woody oil species that belongs to the Rosaceae family. As an endemic species in northern China, it is widely used for soil and water conservation owing to its superior adaptability to a wide range of environment [1]. Almost 192,500 tonnes of seeds are harvested in autumn every year [2]. The oil content of Siberian apricot seed kernel (SASK) is generally as high as 50%, of which about 95% is unsaturated fatty acid (FA), including 56.23-76.69% oleic acid and 16.44-34.69% linoleic acid [3]. Because the cost of feedstock account for the cost of biodiesel approximately over 75% [4], non-crop feedstock to produce biodiesel has drawn governmental and popular attention. Previous evaluation of SASK oil has shown that its biodiesel fuel properties, such as cetane number, iodine number and oxidation stability, were conformed to EN 14214 and GB/T 20828-2007 standards [3, 5]. Thus, SASK oil is a potential non-crop feedstock for biodiesel production.In plants, sucrose can be transported from photosynthetic tissues to heterotrophic sinks through the phloem. Once delivered into sinks, sucrose can be cleaved into two hexoses by either invertase or sucrose synthase [6]. In oil seeds, the generated hexoses are metabolized through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the glycolytic pathway, providing acetyl-CoA as precursor for de novo FA synthesis [7]. After FA formation in plastid, a mixture of palmitic acid (C16:0), palm...
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