Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), a food additive with rich milk flavor, is commonly used in the food, beverage and cosmetic industries. However, excessive consumption of vanillin may cause liver and kidney damage. Therefore, methods for detecting and controlling the level of vanillin in food, especially in infant powder, have important practical significance. In this study, we established a colorimetric assay for vanillin detection. The detection was performed under high-temperature and acidic conditions, which can induce the reaction of the aldehyde group of vanillin with the amino group of o-toluidine. The resulting product had a maximum absorption at 363 nm, which was quantified by a UV spectrophotometer. This assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg mL−1 and a linear range between 1 μg mL−1 and 100 μg mL−1. The average recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range from 91.1% to 101.6% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.62% ~ 7.27%.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common inherited enzymopathy in humans and is associated with a predisposition to hemolysis. However, there are few animal models to that adequately mimic associated human disease states that could be used to evaluate strategies to address clinical syndromes attributable to G6PD deficiency. In the present study, we aimed to establish a stable transgenic zebrafish model of G6PD deficiency that recapitulates the clinical manifestations of G6PD deficiency. We incorporated a stable transgene of G6PD lacking nucleotides from 1315 to 1443 denoted Tg(zgata1:g6pd M1315-1443 -egfp).Functional analysis showed that Tg(zgata1:g6pd M1315-1443 -egfp) transgenic zebrafish demonstrate a decrease in g6pd activity, reduced GSH levels and hemoglobin content, and increases in pericardial edema in response to α -naphthol exposure, similar to human subjects with G6PD deficiency. We detected no other significant phenotypic abnormalities compared to controls.Taken together, these observations indicate that the Tg(zgata1:g6pd M1315-1443 -egfp) zebrafish line mirrors key clinical manifestations of G6PD deficiency in humans. This model may facilitate mechanistic studies and promote translational research related to G6PD deficiency.
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