Unsymmetrical aryl sulfides were synthesized by nickel-catalyzed arylsulfonyl chlorides and aryl iodides via intermediate disulfides using Mn as a reducing agent.
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with elderly patients undergoing surgery. However, pharmacological treatments for POCD are limited. In this study, we found that curcumin, an active compound derived from Curcuma longa, ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction following abdominal surgery in aged mice. Further, curcumin prevented surgery-induced anti-oxidant enzyme activity. Curcumin also increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-positive area and expression of pAkt in the brain, suggesting that curcumin activated BDNF signaling in aged mice. Furthermore, curcumin neutralized cholinergic dysfunction involving choline acetyltransferase expression induced by surgery. These results strongly suggested that curcumin prevented cognitive impairments via multiple targets, possibly by increasing the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, activation of BDNF signaling, and neutralization of cholinergic dysfunction, concurrently. Based on these novel findings, curcumin might be a potential agent in POCD prophylaxis and treatment.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antioxidants, including a-ketoacids (a-ketoglutarate and pyruvate), lactate and glutamate/malate combination, against oxidative stress on rat spermatozoa. Our results showed that ) significantly enhanced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with the size of 95 kDa (P ≤ 0.04). At the same time, a-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, lactate, glutamate and malate supplemented in media can be used as important energy sources and supply ATP for sperm motility. In conclusion, the present results show that a-ketoacids could be effective antioxidants for protecting rat spermatozoa from H 2 O 2 attack and could be effective components to improve the antioxidant capacity of Biggers, Whitten and Whittingham media.
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