In this paper, we give a method to characterize graphs determined by their adjacency spectrum. At first, we give two parameters Π1(G) and Π2(G), which are related to coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of graph G. All connected graphs with Π1(G)∈{1,0,−1,−2,−3} and Π2(G)∈{0,−1,−2,−3} are characterized. Some interesting properties of Π1(G) and Π2(G) are also given. We then find the necessary and sufficient conditions for two classes of graphs to be determined by their adjacency spectrum.
This article first put forward the educational application of immersive virtual laboratories for the problems of poor spatial thinking ability and weak hands-on operation ability. Second, aiming at the problems of a lack of excellent backbone teachers and insufficient educational information equipment, a Tibetan-Chinese bilingual immersion virtual basic teaching system suitable for students in pastoral areas has been developed to complement the teaching of teachers in remote areas. Third, the application of virtual gymnasiums is proposed to reduce the physical discomfort of students under harsh conditions. And then the application of virtual vocational technical training is proposed for poor employment situations in agro-pastoralism areas. Finally, the Tibetan-Chinese bilingual immersive virtual basic teaching system developed for pastoral students was put into use for a short period of time in the farming and pastoral schools and was well received by the pastoral students, and the teachers also gave feedback that the system has now improved at least the concentration of the student.
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