Bartonellosis, a vector-borne zoonotic disease, is an emerging infectious disease worldwide (Mogollon-Pasapera et al., 2009). Bartonella species are rod-shaped, fastidious, Gram-negative facultative and intracellular bacteria that parasitize the endothelial and red blood cells of their host, belonging to the alpha-2-Proteobacteria class (Angelakis & Raoult, 2014;Birtles & Raoult, 1996). Since the 20th century, with the continuous increase in the number of Bartonella species, 45 Bartonella species have been officially named, and some species also contain more than one subspecies. Among them, 15 species are related to human diseases (Mardosaitė-Busaitienė et al., 2019). Bartonella species are transmitted from animals to animals or humans through blood-sucking arthropods, including fleas, lice, ticks and mites. The primary reservoir host of Bartonella species are mammals such as dogs, cats, rodents and rabbits (Okaro et al., 2017).In living mammals, rodents are the most abundant taxonomic order, accounting for approximately 43% of all mammalian species, with the characteristics of widely distributed, and high reproductive ability, which play a key role in the transmission of a large number of infectious disease pathogens to humans (Huchon et al., 2002;Meerburg et al., 2009). Previous data indicated that rodents harbour the largest number of Bartonella species (Gutiérrez et al., 2015), and 22 species of Bartonella and their subspecies have been isolated from 98 species of rodents from at least 7 families (Buffet et al., 2013).
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