The main method for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is percutaneous coronary intervention; however percutaneous coronary intervention will induce ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, resulting in the loss of cardiac function and cardiomyocyte death. An effective drug to target this condition is necessary. N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid were used to synthesize drug delivery nanoparticles (NP) containing the natural compound visnagin for IR injury treatment. It was demonstrated that NP containing fluorescein isothiocyanate localized to the site of myocardial IR, and that NP-visnagin treatment induced cardioprotection, reducing the size of the MI and ameliorating cardiac dysfunction through the induction of autophagy and the inhibition of apoptosis. In the future, visnagin may be suitable as a drug for IR injury treatment, and NP may be an effective drug delivery system.
The aim of this study was to observe the effects of cluster of differentiation (CD) 151 on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ischemic myocardium by the injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector carrying the human CD151 gene. A rat acute myocardial infarction model was established, and rAAV-CD151 was injected into the ischemic myocardium. Four weeks later, the ischemic myocardium was removed in order to detect the expression of exogenous CD151 mRNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the expression of CD151 and VEGF was detected by western blot analysis to evaluate the effect of CD151 overexpression on VEGF expression. Four weeks after injection of the vector, exogenous CD151 mRNA was expressed in the myocardial tissues of the CD151 group, whereas it was not detected in sham surgery, model control or rAAV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene-treated groups. The expression levels of CD151 protein were significantly higher in the CD151 group compared with those in the other three groups (P<0.05). The VEGF expression level in the CD151 group was higher compared with those in the control and GFP groups (P>0.05). These results indicate that rAAV-CD151 effectively transfects rat myocardial tissues, and may promote angiogenesis of the ischemic myocardium, improve left ventricular function and increase VEGF expression to improve ventricular function.
Visnagin is a furanochromone and one of the main compounds of Ammi visnaga L. that had been used to treat nephrolithiasis in Ancient Egypt. Nowadays, visnagin was widely used to treat angina pectoris, urolithiasis and hypertriglyceridemia. The potential mechanisms of visnagin involved in inflammation and cardiovascular disease were also identified. But the protective effect of visnagin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury has not been confirmed. Our aim was, for the first time, to investigate the potential protective effect of visnagin on cardiac function after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model, and to identify its underlying mechanism involving the inhibition of apoptosis and induction of autophagy. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion group (IR), ischemia/reperfusion with visnagin (IR + visnagin) group. Myocardial ischemia/Reperfusion injury model was established. Hemodynamic measurements and echocardiography were used to analyze cardiac function, TUNEL staining and caspase activity, LC3 dots were detected with immunofluorescence staining, LC3 expression was evaluated by western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect autophagosomes. Compared with the sham group and visnagin group, the cardiac dysfunction, LC3II, autophagy flow in the IR+ visnagin group increased significantly (P<0.01), but the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the apoptotic in the IR + visnagin group decreased significantly (P<0.01). In conclusion, visnagin may play a protective role in ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing autophagy and reducing apoptosis.
Background: Gap junction beta-4 protein (GJB4), or connexin 30.3, a member of integral membrane proteins, has been shown to involve and may function as a tumor promoter in tumorigenesis. However, the role of GJB4 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. Materials and methods: We used Progression-free survival Kaplan-Meier analysis and Western blot analysis to detect the expression of GJB4 in GC tissues and cells. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo assays were used to determine the effect of GJB4 on malignant behavior in GC cells. Results: We found that GJB4 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells compared with normal tissues and cells. The high GJB4 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival of GC patients. Knocking down GJB4 in GC cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration. We found that the effects of GJB4-knockdown on GC cells were associated with downregulation of CTNNB1 and its downstream MYC, MMP7 and CCND1 expression. In addition, we found that the promotive effect of GJB4 overexpression on cell proliferation and migration was negated by XAV-939, which is the inhibitor of Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway. Therefore, we revealed a novel mechanism by which GJB4 could activate the Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway to promote GC cell's proliferation and migration. Conclusion: This study offer insights into GJB4 function and indicate that GJB4 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer patients.
Hailuogou Glacier is located in a warm and humid maritime environment. It is large and moves very fast. The bottom of the glacier slides intensively and the temperature at the bottom approaches the pressure melting point. Therefore, there are abundant melting water and debris which act as effective "grinding tools" for glacial abrasion. Polarizing microscope is used to observe the mineral deformation characteristics on the ice-bedrock interface. It is found that feldspar, quartz, hornblende and biotite are exposed to deformation, fracture and chemical alteration to various extents. Bending deformation is common for biotite, due to their lattice characteristics, and the bending orientations are mostly the same as the glacier flow. Bending deformation also occurs in a few hornblendes. High-angle tension fracture and low-angle shear fracture are common for quartz and feldspar, some of them are totally crushed (mylonizations) due to their rigidity. Thus, all the abrasion, quarrying, subglacial water action and subglacial dissolution processes at the bottom of the glacier are verified at the micro-scale level. Mineral deformation and fracture are the basic subglacial erosion mechanisms. The abrasion thickness is 30-90 m for each time and the average is 50 m. Most of the debris are silt produced by glacial abrasion. The extent of mineral deformation and fracture decreases drastically downwards beneath the bedrock surface. The estimated erosion rate is about 2.2-11.4 mm/a, which is similar to that of other maritime alpine glaciers, smaller than that of large-scale piedmont glaciers in Alaska (10-30 mm/a), and larger than that of continental glaciers (0.1-1.0 mm/a). The type and size of a glacier are the main factors that influence its erosion rate. maritime climate, Hailuogou Glacier, subglacial process, mineral deformation, glacial erosion Ice-bedrock interface features, such as striae, fracture, and chemical precipitation, provide direct information for attributes of glacier movement. These features are very important for studying the physical and chemical processes of modern glaciers and palaeo-glaciers, for example, the influences of bedrock lithology on glaciers, the differences in erosion and deposition between various types of glaciers, and the influences of changes in external factors such as climate on glaciers [1] . Extensive studies on ice-bedrock interface processes, for example, the founding of subglacial water film theory and basal sliding theory [2] , as well as the discovery of subglacial carbonate deposition [3] and silicate deposition [4] , started from the 1960s. By the 1970s, the researchers had found new approaches to studying the physical and chemical processes on ice-bedrock interface by looking at the characteristics of basal deposits and bedrock surface [3,4] . Therefore, the ice-bedrock processes have attracted more and more attention of researchers around the world [57] . However, it is complicated and difficult to study subglacial erosion. First of all, the prerequisite to understanding t...
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