Circular RNA VANGL1 (circVANGL1) is generated from two exons of the Van Gogh‐like 1 (VANGL1) gene and serves as a tumor promoter by sponging certain microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of circVANGL1 in bladder cancer (BC) is still unclear. So, in order to investigate the role of circVANGL1 in BC, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was employed to evaluate the circVANGL1 expression in tumor tissues from BC patients and in BC cell lines. Small interfering RNA against circVANGL1 was constructed and stably transfected into human bladder epithelium immortalized cells (SV‐HUC). Cell invasion and migration were detected in Transwell chambers, cell proliferation was determined by CCK8 assays, and tumorigenesis in nude mice was examined to assess the effect of circVANGL1 in BC. Subcellular localization of circVANGL1 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The interactive relationships among circVANGL1, miRNA, and relative proteins were confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The results showed that circVANGL1 was upregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Silencing the expression of circVANGL1 suppressed cell invasion, migration, and proliferation during in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circVANGL1 upregulated the expression of miR‐1184 target gene insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) by sponging miR‐1184, which promoted the aggressive biological behaviors of BC. Taken together, our results indicate that circVANGL1 acts as a tumor promoter through the novel circVANGL1/miR‐1184/IGFBP2 axis. Hopefully, our study will provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of BC.
CD81, a member of the tetraspanin family, has been revealed to be upregulated and associated with prognosis in several types of cancer; however, this relationship has not been explored in prostate cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance and functional role of CD81 in prostate cancer. The expression of CD81 in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines was evaluated using qRT-PCR analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to explore the prognostic significance of CD81. Cell experiments were used to explore the effects of CD81 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in prostate cell lines in vitro. The expression of CD81 was increased in both prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of CD81 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Moreover, patients with high CD81 levels had poorer overall survival than those with lower levels. Additionally, tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were inhibited by knockdown of CD81. The present results indicated that CD81 plays an oncogenic role in prostate cancer. Overexpression of CD81 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target and is involved in the progression of prostate cancer.
von Willebrand factor C and EGF domain-containing protein (URG11), a cell growth regulator, is involved in the progression of a variety of types of cancer, including prostate cancer (Pca). However, the functions of the URG11 gene in Pca cells require in-depth investigation. The mRNA and protein levels of URG11 were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to detect cell viability, migration and invasion, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses were performed using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of epithelial (E)-cadherin, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cyclin D1 and MYC proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc) were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. In the present study, the mRNA and protein levels of URG11 were markedly upregulated in Pca cell lines compared with those in the normal prostate epithelial cell line. With functional experiments, the cell viability, migration and invasion of Pca cells were markedly promoted by URG11 overexpression. The cell cycle was effectively induced by URG11 and apoptosis was inhibited by the overexpression of URG11. Concomitantly, the epithelial marker E-cadherin was downregulated, and the mesenchymal markers vimentin and α-SMA were upregulated following URG11 overexpression. By contrast, genetic knockout of URG11 elicited the opposite effects. The present study also identified that the downstream effector genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, cyclin D1 and c-Myc, were increased following the overexpression of endogenous URG11, which are known to regulate cell proliferation. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor FH535 ameliorated the promotive effects of URG11 on LNCaP cells viability, migration and invasion, and the Wnt/β-catenin agonist LiCl reversed the inhibitory effects of siURG11 in LNCaP cells on cell viability, migration and invasion. The present study demonstrated that URG11 served an oncogenic role in the development of Pca cells and provided evidence that URG11 has potential as a novel therapeutic target in Pca.
Bladder foreign bodies have been reported with a great variety, including daily objects and even living things. Except for these, thermometer in bladder were reported with several cases. Due to the limitations of surgical equipment, the removal of bladder thermometer was initially performed with manipulation combined with forceps for female patients, and now it has been taken out with the assistance of various endoscopes. In this report, a 25 years old male inserted a thermometer in his bladder, and a transurethral cystoscopic removal procedure was conducted with a stone extractor.
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