No abstract

No abstract

The surge in fructose consumption is a major factor behind the rapid rise of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in modern society. Through flux and genetic analyses, we demonstrate that fructose is catabolized at a much higher rate than glucose, and triose kinase (TK) couples fructolysis with lipogenesis metabolically and transcriptionally. In the absence of TK, fructose oxidation is accelerated through the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and serine biosynthesis, accompanied by increased oxidative stress and fructose aversion. TK is also required by the endogenous fructolysis pathway to drive lipogenesis and hepatic triglyceride accumulation under high-fat diet and leptin-deficient conditions. Intriguingly, a nonsynonymous TK allele (rs2260655_A) segregated during human migration out of Africa behaves as TK null for its inability to rescue fructose toxicity and increase hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Therefore, we posit TK as a metabolic switch controlling the lipogenic potential of fructose and its dietary tolerance.

No abstract

Objective: To assess the efficacy of chincup therapy for mandibular growth retardation in early orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: An electronic search for articles reporting randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and cohort studies testing the efficacy of chincup appliance for Class III malocclusion published up to the present was done through four databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; to March 2010), MEDLINE (1950-March 2010, EMBASE (1980-March 2010), and CBM (1978-March 2010. Study quality assessment and data extraction were done by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was done with the assistance of Revman 5.01. Results: The search resulted in 50 articles. After selection following the established criteria, four cohort studies qualified for the final review analysis. The results showed that chincup therapy decreased SNB angle and increased ANB angle; the total pooled weighted mean difference values (95% confidence interval) were 21.18 (21.69, 20.67; P , .00001) and 1.90 (0.60, 3.21; P 5 .004), respectively. Two studies showed a increase in Gonial angle (P , .05) but no significant change in the mandibular length (Cd-Gn; P 5 .059 and .39, respectively). One study indicated that chincup therapy exerted no effect on mandibular growth retardation, and mandibular growth continued after the treatment in a downward direction. Conclusion: There are insufficient data in these studies to make clear recommendations regarding the efficacy of chincup therapy in the retardation of mandibular growth. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:162-168.)

Objective: To compare the anchorage effects of the implants and the headgear for patients with anterior teeth retraction in terms of incisor retraction, anchorage loss, inclination of maxillary incisors, positional change of maxillary basal bone, and treatment duration. Materials and Methods: An electronic search for relative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) prospective and retrospective controlled trials was done through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Medline, and CNKI, regardless of language of study. Study selection, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed when possible; otherwise descriptive assessment was done. Results: The search yielded 35 articles, of which eight met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into five groups according to types of intervention. For the midpalatal implant, the anchorage loss was much less than for the headgear group, with insignificant differences in terms of anterior teeth retraction, maxillary incisor inclination, positional change of basal bone, and treatment duration. For the mini-implant, greater anterior teeth retraction and less anchorage loss were demonstrated, with inconsistent results for the other measures. For the onplant, less anchorage loss was noted, with insignificant differences for the other measures. Conclusions: The skeletal anchorage of the midpalatal implant, mini-implant, and onplant offer better alternatives to headgear, with less anchorage loss and more anterior teeth retraction. There were inconsistent results from the included studies in terms of maxillary incisor inclination, positional change of maxillary basal bone, and treatment duration. More qualified RCTs are required to provide clear recommendations. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:915-922.)

No abstract

The facial soft-tissue morphology in operated UCCLP patients differed from normal controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. It may be necessary for children with UCCLP operated before 2 years of age to have some preventive treatment.