A novel polyurethane/poly(vinyl ester resin) interpenetrating polymer Network(PU/VER IPN), was synthesized at room temperature by polymerizing ethyl acrylate(EA) instead of the conventionally styrene(St) as a comonomer. The respective compatibilities of PU/VER(EA)IPN and PU/VER(St)IPN were studied by ATR-FT/IR, TEM, AFM, DSC and DMA. The results showed that, compared with PU/VER(St)IPN, the degree of carbonyl hydrogen bonding in PU/VER(EA)IPN increased because EA substituted for St, resulting in better compatibility of PU/ VER(EA)IPN. PU/VER(EA)IPN showed a nanometer scale phase range and a dual continuous microstructure, while the phase range of PU/VER(St)IPN was 200-500 nm. Furthermore, DSC showed that PU/VER(EA)IPN had one obvious T g , while PU/VER(St)IPN had two T g s. The compatibility of PU/VER(EA)IPN was further detected quantitatively. In addition, the 60:40 PU/VER(EA)IPN had a predominant damping peak and a shoulder damping peak which were closer than the two corresponding peaks of PU/VER(St)IPN. PU/VER(EA)IPN had higher tan, E 00 , E 0 , TA and LA for a broad range of temperature, all indicating better compatibility and damping properties. Their mechanical properties were also studied preliminarily.
The various types of reservoir space in carbonate reservoirs make the process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation very complex. How to quantitatively characterize the characteristics of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in carbonate reservoirs is one of the key problems for carbonate hydrocarbons exploration and exploitation. Taking the Ordovician in the Daniudi area of Ordos Basin as an example, three types of source rock-reservoir-cap assemblages, namely upper-generation assemblage, lateral variable assemblage, and self-generation-reservoir-cap assemblage, were determined by characterizing the forming elements of carbonate reservoirs. Petromod software is used to build a two-dimensional profile model, and vitrinite reflectance of source rock and porosity of the reservoir were used as correction parameters, and the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process was simulated by the invasion percolation algorithm. It is confirmed that the Ordovician Majiagou formation in the study area has three periods of hydrocarbon charging and three periods of hydrocarbon adjustment. The hydrocarbon migration pathways in carbonate rocks include lateral contact in the pinch-out area, source rock-reservoir contact in the trough area, fault-connected, and source rock-reservoir superposition. The source rock-reservoir-cap assemblages of upper-generation assemblage and lateral variable assemblage correspond to the lateral contact in the pinch-out area, source rock-reservoir contact in the trough area, fault-connected, while self-generation-reservoir-cap assemblage corresponds to the fault-connected, and source rock-reservoir superposition. The high part of the structure and fault zone are the strongest structural deformation parts, whose fractures are relatively developed, controlling the location of hydrocarbon accumulation, meanwhile, the reservoir quality directly controls the degree of hydrocarbons saturation. The research results are beneficial to establish a more accurate quantitative evaluation method of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in carbonate rocks and to understanding the controlling factors of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in carbonate rocks.
PurposeThe aim of the paper is to develop a method to block hydroxyl groups of epoxy acrylate (AAEP) in vinyl ester resin (VER) and to study the influence of modified VER on polyurethane/(VER) interpenetrating polymer network (PU/VER IPN).Design/methodology/approachThe hydroxyl groups of AAEP in VER were blocked via different methods. Infra‐red spectroscopy was adopted to study the influence of the reagents, reaction temperature and feed molar ratio on the blocking effect of hydroxyl groups and the optimised technological parameters were determined. The PU/VER IPN and PU/modified VER IPN were prepared by simultaneous interpenetrating of VER (mixture of AAEP and butyl methacrylate with the mass ratio of 2/1) or modified VER and synthesised PU in their laboratory. The microstructure, dynamic mechanical properties and mechanical properties of PU/VER IPN and PU/modified VER IPN were compared.FindingsThe results showed that compared to unmodified IPN, because the hydroxyl groups in VER were blocked and no chemical cross‐linked structure existed between the two networks, the modified IPN showed dual‐continuous microsturcture with larger phase domain sizes between 20 and 50 nm. The effect damping temperature range of modified IPN was broadened and its damping performance was improved. The mechanical strength of modified IPNs decreased and their break elongation increased evidently.Practical implicationsThe PU/modified VER IPN with excellent damping properties can be used in the applications where reduction of vibration and noise is desired.Originality/valueThe PU/modified VER IPN, in which no chemical cross‐linked structure existed between the two networks, was novel and its damping performance was improved and excellent.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.