Cipangopaludina chinensis is an important economic value snail species with high medicinal value. The gut microbes of aquatic animals plays a vital role in food digestion and nutrient absorption. Herein, we aimed at high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA to further investigate whether there were differences in the composition and function of gut microbes of adult and juvenile C. chinensis snails, as well as sediments. This study found that the microbial diversity of the sediment was significantly higher than that of the snails gut (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the gut flora of adult and juvenile snails (P > 0.05). A total of 47 phyla and 644 genera were identified from all samples. Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the two dominant phyla in all samples, and overall relative abundances was 48.2% and 14.2%, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundances of Aeromonas and Luteolibacter in the gut of juvenile snails (30.8%, 11.8%) were higher than those of adults (27.7%, 10.6%) at the genus level (P > 0.05). Then, four indicator genera were found, namely Flavobacterium, Silanimonas, Geobacter and Zavarzinella, and they abundance in the gut of juvenile snails was significantly higher than that of adults (P < 0.05). This results imply the potential development of Silanimonas as a bait for juvenile snail openings. We observed that Aeromonas was the primary biomarker of the snail gut and sediments (P < 0.001), and it may be a cellulose-degrading bacteria. Function prediction revealed significantly better biochemical function in the snail gut than sediments (P < 0.001), but no significant differences in adult and juvenile snail (P > 0.05). In conclusion, studies show that the snail gut and sediment microbial composition differ, but the two were very similar. The microbial composition of the snail gut was relatively stable and has similar biological functions. These findings provide valuable information for in-depth understanding of the relationship between snails and environmental microorganisms.
Abstract-The deficiency in existing sugar cane crystallization automatic control system is difficult to measure some key parameters on line, such as mother liquor supersaturation, mother liquor purity, crystal content and crystal size distribution. Controlling brix with PID can only reflect the massecuite concentration of sugar cane crystallization process, but it is hard to guarantee the crystal quality. During crystallization process, change of mother liquor purity will affect the crystallization rate and supersaturation. The less mother liquor purity in the final stage is, the better absorption of crystals have. Crystal size distribution, including mean area (MA) and coefficient of variation (CV), influences the quantity and quality of crystals. In order to produce sucrose which has uniform size and small coefficient of variation, it's necessary to study the law of crystal size for sugar cane crystallization. According to the difficulties in measuring some key parameters, an intelligent integrated measuring and controlling system is researched by this paper. The overall structure of this system is designed at first, and also the monitoring system of host computer is developed. Combining with data-driven modeling and hybrid modeling method, the intelligent soft-sensor component for sugar cane crystallization process is implemented. This system realizes automatic monitoring of sugar cane crystallization process, which includes on-line measurement of mother liquor supersaturation, mother liquor purity, crystal content and crystal size distribution (CSD). Experimental results show that this designed intelligent integrated measuring and controlling system for sugar cane crystallization process has not only achieved great on-line prediction for immeasurable parameters, but also has good openness and scalability, which can provide complete parameter detection for the implementation of sugar cane crystallization automatic control system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.