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Bisphenol A (BPA)—an endocrine disruptor xenoestrogen—is widely spread in the environment. Lycopene (LYC) is an antioxidant phytochemical carotenoid. The hereby study was designed to verify the deleterious effect of BPA on cyclic female rats' hepatic tissue as well as evaluation of the effect of LYC toward BPA hepatic perturbation. Twenty-eight female Wistar rats were allocated equally into four groups: control group, LYC group (10 mg/kg B.wt), BPA group (10 mg/kg B.wt), and BPA + LYC group (the same doses as former groups). The treatments were given daily via gavage to the rats for 30 days. The rats in BPA displayed high activities of serum liver enzymes with low levels of total proteins (TP) and albumin. Moreover, BPA induced hepatic oxidative stress via depletion of antioxidant enzymes concomitant with augmentation of lipid peroxidation, increased comet tail DNA %, and overexpression of caspase-3. Meanwhile, LYC administration reduced the cytotoxic effects of BPA on hepatic tissue, through improving the liver function biomarkers and oxidant-antioxidant state as well as DNA damage around the control values. These findings were confirmed by hepatic histopathological examination. Finally, LYC credited to have a noticeable protective effect versus BPA provoked oxidative injury and apoptosis of the liver tissue.

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A 28-day study was done to explore the impact of nano-iron alone or combined with methionine on growth, blood chemistry, liver biomarkers, and tissue histology of heat-stressed chicken. One-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to three groups. Each group was divided into three replicates (13 chicks/replicate). The first group was the control one that was fed a basal diet without supplementation (T0). The second group was fed a basal diet with nano-iron 4 mg kg−1 diet (T1). The third group was fed a basal diet with nano-iron 4 mg kg−1 diet plus methionine 4 g kg−1 diet (T2). The results showed that the birds in the control group had significantly (p < 0.05) higher final weights. Also, a partial relief of heat stress adverse effects was observed on growth by T1 compared to T2. The T2 showed a significantly increased (p < 0.05) free iron (Fe) level and transferrin saturation index. Likewise, T2 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin level in comparison with T0 and T1. Also, hepatic impairment and inflammatory response were observed in the T2 group when compared to T0 and T1, besides a bad lipid profile. Further, T2 showed raised levels of Fe and ferritin in their hepatic tissues compared to those T1 and T0. A significant increment of thiobarbituric acid reactive and decrement of reduced glutathione levels in the hepatic tissues of T2 and T1 versus T0 levels were recorded. It is concluded that nano-iron at the level of 4 mg kg−1 in this study is highly absorbed, leading to harmful effects. Further investigations are needed to detect the proper supplemental level.

Broilers are frequently infected with Escherichia coli (E.Coli) bacteria, which often leads to the emergence of many diseases and high economic losses. Hence, the present study was performed to assess the comparative e cacy of dietary rosemary and fenugreek, under E.Coli-infection in broilers, via evaluation of growth performance, biochemical indices, immunological response and histo-morphological changes.Eighty Cobb broilers were allotted to four equal groups (n=20 chicks/group); control non-infected (CN), control infected (CI), rosemary infected (RI) and fenugreek infected (FI) groups. RI and FI groups showed a signi cant elevation in their body weight and body weight gain compared with CI group. Moreover, both groups revealed a signi cant decline in serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as uric acid and creatinine levels. Signi cant decreases of total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were noted among CI chicks. Moreover, distinctly higher levels were evident in both RI and FI groups. Immunomodulatory markers assessment showed a signi cant increase in immunoglobulin G with a signi cant decline in interleukin-6 level in both RI and FI groups, with the lowest IL-6 value within FI group. Histopathological evaluations focused on the deleterious effect associated with E-Coli infection of broilers' liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, bursa of fabricius, and thymus. A partial histological improvement was noticed among RI group, and nearly normal tissues were recorded in FI group. Overall, these ndings suggest the ability of fenugreek to mitigate the adverse effects of E.Coli-infection on broiler performance and tissue pictures, through improvement of the chicken general health condition.