BackgroundPostnatal depression commonly affects women after the birth of a child, and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes for their children. A wide variety of measures have been used to screen for depression in the postnatal period but little research has investigated such measures with men. However depression can also affect men at this time, and this is associated with an independently increased risk of adverse child outcomes. The present study aimed to determine whether a reliable cut off point for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) can be established to screen fathers.MethodA sample of fathers was sent the EPDS at 7 weeks after the birth of their child. A structured clinical interview was conducted with 192 men to determine whether they were suffering from depression.ResultsFathers with depression scored significantly higher on the EPDS than non-depressed fathers. A score of greater than 10 was found to be the optimal cut off point for screening for depression, with a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 78.2%.LimitationsThe relatively modest participation rate means the results may not be fully generalisable to the whole population.ConclusionThe EPDS is shown to have reasonable sensitivity and specificity at a cut off score of over 10. The study shows that it is possible to screen fathers for depression in the postnatal period and it may be valuable to administer this measure to new fathers.

BackgroundFactors related to parents and parenting capacities are important predictors of the development of behavioural problems in children. Recently, there has been an increasing research focus in this field on the earliest years of life, however, relatively few studies have addressed the role of fathers, despite this appearing to be particularly pertinent to child behavioural development. This study aimed to examine whether father–infant interactions at age 3 months independently predicted child behavioural problems at 1 year of age.MethodA sample of 192 families was recruited from two maternity units in the United Kingdom. Father–infant interactions were assessed in the family home and coded using the Global Rating Scales. Child behaviour problems were assessed by maternal report. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between father–infant interaction and the development of behavioural problems.ResultsDisengaged and remote interactions between fathers and their infants were found to predict externalising behavioural problems at the age of 1 year. The children of the most disengaged fathers had an increased risk of developing early externalising behavioural problems [disengaged (nonintrusive) interactions – adjusted Odds Ratio 5.33 (95% Confidence Interval; 1.39, 20.40): remote interactions adj. OR 3.32 (0.92, 12.05)]ConclusionsDisengaged interactions of fathers with their infants, as early as the third month of life, predict early behavioural problems in children. These interactions may be critical factors to address, from a very early age in the child’s life, and offer a potential opportunity for preventive intervention.

Background: Maternal depression is common and is known to affect both maternal and child health. One of the mechanisms by which maternal depression exerts its effects on child health is through an increased rate of parental disharmony. Fathers also experience depression, but the impact of this on family functioning has been less studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between paternal depressive disorder and family and child functioning, in the first 3 months of a child's life. Methods: A controlled study comparing individual and familial outcomes in fathers with (n=54) and without diagnosed depressive disorder (n=99). Parental couple functioning and child temperament were assessed by both paternal and maternal report. Results: Depression in fathers is associated with an increased risk of disharmony in partner relationships, reported by both fathers and their partners, controlling for maternal depression. Few differences in infant's reported temperament were found in the early postnatal period. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of considering the potential for men, as well as women, to experience depression in the postnatal period. Paternal symptoms hold the potential to impact upon fathers, their partners, and their children. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The symbolic play paradigm provided discriminating insights into health anxiety in children. The findings suggest that childhood RAP may be associated with higher levels of parental health anxiety. These aspects of family functioning might usefully be explored in families where a child has RAP.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, attending to the mental wellbeing of all doctors was high on the political agenda. The quality of patient care is also known to be related to doctors' wellbeing. Now, in the midst of a global pandemic, doctors are having to cope with ever more trauma and moral injury. Group-based peer support and regular reflective practice are interventions known to reduce clinician burnout and optimise wellbeing.Junior doctors are the most likely of all medical groups to be at a high risk of burnout. The NHS Staff and Learners' Mental Wellbeing Commission report advocates establishing explicit peer support mechanisms and the use of peer support as part of the first line of psychological first aid.Peer support is not addressed in the curriculum for the majority of medical specialties. We recommend that regular peer-support reflective groups are provided during protected time for all trainees.