Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the globally highly prevalent herpesvirus worldwide. CMV infects populations of all ages according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO). CMV infections remain the most common viral complication potentially multiple in humans and are a major cause of congenital normality in women, which is why they are critical for diagnosis in several times when it happens during pregnancy. Pregnant women with CMV infection can be in charge of abortion or congenital expandaedby. This study involves the collection a total of (90) samples taken from each aborted and pregnant woman (70 with abortion cases and 20 of pregnant without history of abortion as control subjects) referring to Babylon teaching hospital for Maternity and Children, covering a period from (October 2018 to March 2019) to investigate the occurrence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Babylon city. Patients and controls were evaluated for IgG, IgM antibodies and anti-HCMV IgG, IgM for (90) subjects were controlled in this study using the Enzyme Immunoassay Test Kit and read by enzyme - linked immunosorbent analyze (ELISA). In addition the  polymerase  chain reaction (PCR)  DNA  detection  for  CMV  are  based  on  the  amplification  of  pathogen  genomes  in  a particular  region  using different primers. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The results show among 90 samples, women were evaluated for CMV infection, the seroprevalence titer was significantly higher at P <0.05 in seropositive cases ranging from 62(89%) toward positive CMV IgG, while the 65 (93%) of patients were positive CMV IgM from (70) women with abortions. By contrast, the results obtained from the controls were 9 (45%) subjects seropositive for IgG and all of them were seronegative with IgM. The anti – HCMV IgG finding showed high positivity that represents the furthermost of CMV infections among females through ages ranging between 20-29 years. Furthermore, the outcomes of molecular detection showed that a small number of samples 13 (19%) were HCMV DNA detectable in aborted women less than in pregnant women 3 (15%).

The current study was aimed to detect the existence of genes encode outer membrane proteins: transfer protein (traT) and increased serum survival (iss) which associated with resistance to complement bacterial lysis activity in different Enterobacteriaceae species isolates .Enterobacteriaceae isolates included in this study were (5) isolates of E. coli , K. pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysentery, (4) isolates of Proteus vulgaris and (2) isolates of Serratia marcescens which were isolated from different clinical infections. The traT and iss genes were revealed from whole DNA of 26 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family, it was found that 21(80.7%) of Enterobacteriaceae isolates gave positive result for traT gene at 288bp while only 17(65.3%) of isolates gave positive result for iss gene at 258bp. It was observed that the traT gene was recognized among 100 % of Salmonella typhi and Serratia marcescens strains and the prevalence of a traT gene was showed among 80 % of K. pneumoniae and Shigella dysentery isolates whereas 75% of Proteus vulgaris and 60% of E. coli isolates contain the traT gene. The iss was found among 80% of both E. coli and Shigella dysentery isolates while it was observed in 60% of K. pneumonia and Salmonella typhi isolates and it was present only in 50% of Proteus vulgaris and Serratia marcescens isolates, as conclusion the study confirmed presence of traT and iss which linked to human complement resistance among local Enterobacteriaceae species and high rate of occurrence among extraintestinal isolates. .

Objective:- Diabetic foot ulcers, the aim of the study for determine some types of microorganisms from diabetic foot ulcers thatcauses inflammation and long-term complications and activity study of ZnO NPs biosynthesis by Aspergillus niger against isolatedbacteria, collected from infected patients at general Al -Hashimiya hospital in Babylon Governorate.Methods:-collected 100 swabs, cultured it, bacteria was diagnostic by morphological and microscopic, standard biochemical tests andVitec,the isolates identified by molecular diagnosis by extraction of DNA,using specific universal primer 16SrRNA (1239bp) andpolymerase chain reaction (PCR), study biosynthesis,characterization of zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to inhibited bacterial growth.Results:-The results were (26 aerobic bacterial isolates positive) present such as Gram positive Staph aureus , as regards the aerobicGram negative bacilli, Klepsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, The zinc oxide nanoparticles created byAspergillus niger were spherical in shape with size 13.5nm that used as antibacterial.Discussion:-Through determination of MIC were concentrations of ZnO NPs (31.25, 62.5μg /ml, 125μg/mL, 250μg/ml, 500μg /ml),(31.25, 62.5μg /ml) not prevent growth and not inhibition while 125μg/mL determine as MIC, two best concentrations are 250μg/ml,500μg /ml both give inhibition zones.conclusion:- Gram negative bacteria was predominantly for diabetic foot ulcers, Aspergillus niger was shown to be a stabilizercapable of producing spherical ZnO nanoparticles, due to is very suitable candidate to carry out antimicrobial operation, as a result toits small size.

Cigarette smoking currently is considered as one of the greatest problems in public health worldwide and is risk factor for peripheral vascular disorders and heart disease. The monitoring of liver function and total cholesterol are very important to give an estimation of the future cardiovascular diseases among smokers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the serum levels of liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine transaminase (GPT) and cholesterol activities among Iraqi smokers in Babylon City, compared to apparently healthy individuals (non-smokers) as a control group (all were males). A case- control study was carried out on forty Iraqi male smokers who smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least15 years. The group includes smokers with age range between 15-55 years. Non-smokers, (control, n= 20) group were collected with the same range of age for statistical comparison.  The whole blood samples were drawn by venipuncture from each individual; levels of cholesterol and liver functions test were estimated in the blood serum of smokers and non-smokers by diagnostic kit (Randox corporation-UK) using automatic analyzer.The findings of this study showed that there was a significant higher level of total cholesterol, ALT, and AST in the smokers group compared to non-smokers (P<0.05). As well as, the results showed a significant positive correlation between the smokers’ age and serum GOT, GPT and cholesterol activity (Increasing) especially in age between 45 to 55 years old, as compared to control. In addition, total cholesterol and liver function enzymes were significantly positive correlated with the duration of smoking (P<0.05).Cigarette smoking leads to oxidative stress by free radical generation by the mechanism of lipid peroxidation that is affected by the heaviness of smoking. Smoking exerts negative influence on liver functions test that should be carefully interpreted and preventive strategies needed to avoid the future cardiovascular diseases.

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