BackgroundThe prevalence of depressive symptoms has become very high among college freshmen, with interpersonal sensitivity serving as an important predictor of depression. Combining internal and external positive resources can effectively prevent and alleviate depression. This study explores the moderating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression, as well as the moderating effect of familial support on the conditional influence of PsyCap among Chinese college freshmen.MethodsA cross-sectional mental health survey was performed and the anonymous self-reported questionnaires, including the Patient Health Questionnaire, interpersonal sensitivity subscale of Symptom Checklist-90, Psychological Capital Questionnaire 24, and Perceived Social Support from Family, were distributed to the freshmen. Pearson’s coefficient was employed to describe correlations between variables. The PROCESS macro and slope difference tests were used to explore the moderating role of PsyCap and family support in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression.ResultsThe prevalence of depression among freshmen was 30.89% (694/2,247). The correlation analysis revealed that depression negatively related to PsyCap (r = −0.187, p < 0.001) and family support (r = −0.193, p < 0.001) and positively related to interpersonal sensitivity (r = 0.399, p < 0.001). The moderation analysis showed that PsyCap negatively moderated the positive relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression (β = −0.159, p < 0.001). We also found that family support played a moderating role in the conditional influence of PsyCap (β = 0.076, p < 0.01). The slope difference test further showed that family support weakened the effect of interpersonal sensitivity on depression in freshmen when they had low PsyCap.ConclusionMore attention should be paid to freshmen’s mental health and interpersonal interaction problems. For freshmen with interpersonal sensitivity and depression, mental health departments can conduct PsyCap development interventions to alleviate psychological symptoms. Freshmen themselves should also seek family support in time, but those individuals with high PsyCap should seek an appropriate level of family support to maintain their autonomy.

To investigate the prevalence of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression symptoms and associated risk factors among a large-scale sample of college students in China during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. The survey was conducted among undergraduate students at a university in eastern part of China in April 2022. The Chi-square test was used to compare the different variable groups and multivariable analysis was performed for the risk factors associated with interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and depression symptoms. A total of 12,922 college students were included, with an average age of (20.96 ± 1.66) years. The prevalence of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression symptoms in this study was 58.1, 22.7, and 46.8%, respectively. Male (OR = 1.16, p < 0.001), 22–23 years (OR = 1.40, p < 0.001), freshman (OR = 1.35, p = 0.002), and non-only child (OR = 1.15, p < 0.001) were positively associated with interpersonal sensitivity. Male (OR = 1.20, p < 0.001), sophomores (OR = 1.27, p = 0.020) and seniors (OR = 1.20, p = 0.027) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. Compared with female students, male students (OR = 0.89, p < 0.001) were less likely to have depression symptoms. 22–23 years (OR = 1.37, p < 0.001), sophomores (OR = 1.26, p = 0.009) and non-only child (OR = 1.11, p = 0.009) were positively associated with depression symptoms. In addition, college students aged 18–21 years, learning status, skipping breakfast, roommate relationship and sleep quality were associated with interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression symptoms (all p < 0.05). The findings of this study suggest a high prevalence of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression symptoms among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. Younger ages, low grades, poor dormitory relationship, negative learning status, skipping breakfast and poor sleep quality were the risk factors for college students’ mental health, which should be concerned by the relevant departments of school during the campus lockdown.

19Background: Inverse association between premorbid body mass index (BMI) and 20 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been discovered in observational studies; 21 however, whether this association is causal remains largely unknown. 22 Methods: We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate 23 the causal relationship of genetically increased BMI with the risk of ALS. The 24 analyses were implemented using summary statistics obtained for the independent 25 instruments identified from large-scale genome-wide association studies of BMI (up 26 to ~770,000 individuals) and ALS (up to ~81,000 individuals). The causal relationship 27 between BMI and ALS was estimated using inverse-variance weighted methods and 28 was further validated through extensive complementary and sensitivity analyses. 29Findings: Using 1,031 instruments strongly related to BMI, the causal effect of per 30 one standard deviation increase of BMI was estimated to be 1.04 (95% CI 0.97~1.11, 31 p=0.275) in the European population. The null association between BMI and ALS 32 discovered in the European population also held in the East Asian population and was 33 robust against various modeling assumptions and outlier biases. Additionally, the 34 Egger-regression and MR-PRESSO ruled out the possibility of horizontal pleiotropic 35 effects of instruments. 36 Interpretation: Our results do not support the causal role of genetically increased or 37 decreased BMI on the risk of ALS. 38 Key words 39 Body mass index, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Mendelian randomization, 40 Instrumental variable, Genome-wide association studies 41 3/23 1. Introduction 42 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a frequent adult-onset fatal neurodegenerative 43 disease clinically characterized by rapidly progressive motor neurons degeneration 44 and death because of respiratory failure [1]. Although great advance has been made 45for the understanding of ALS in the past decades, the pathogenic mechanism 46 underlying ALS remains largely unknown and only few therapeutic options can be 47 50 development of ALS [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. However, no replicable and definitive 51 environmental risk factors are currently well established for ALS. In addition, due to 52 the quickly growing ageing of the population in the upcoming years, it is evaluated 53 that the number of ALS cases across globe will increase by about 70% [12], which is 54 anticipated to result in rather serious socioeconomic and health burden. Therefore, 55 understanding the risk factors of ALS for improving the medical intervention and 56 quality of life for ALS patients is considerably important from both disease treatment 57 and public health perspectives. 58 Among extensive epidemiological researches of ALS, an interesting and surprising 59 observation is that ALS patients often encounter a loss of weight or a decrease of body 60 mass index (BMI) at the early phase of diagnosis with many possible explanations [1, 61 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. Indeed, substan...

Purpose Depression is common in medical practitioners across all stages of their careers, but few studies have explored positive factors for combatting depression in emergency physicians. This study aims to explore the association between psychological capital and depression among Chinese emergency physicians, along with the mediating role of social support in this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 33 grade III and class A general hospitals in 13 cities of Jiangsu Province, China. Emergency physicians participating in the study completed 568 questionnaires on psychological capital, social support, and depression. Regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between psychological capital, social support, and depression, and to assess the mediating role of social support. Results The rate of potentially depressed physicians was determined as 18.5% among our study sample. Depression was negatively correlated with psychological capital ( r = −0.384, p < 0.01) and its four components of hope, self-efficacy, resiliency, and optimism, and negatively correlated with social support ( r = −0.299, p < 0.01). Depression was negatively affected by psychological capital ( c = −0.398, p < 0.001), or by both psychological capital ( c ′ = −0.334, p < 0.001) and social support ( b = −0.171, p < 0.001), and social support was positively affected by psychological capital ( a = 0.372, p < 0.001), leading to a mediation effect of −0.064 and accounting for approximately 16.0% of the total effect of psychological capital on depression. Furthermore, social support exhibited a potent mediating role for emergency physicians with potential depressive disorder compared to those without depression. Conclusion Psychological capital not only can directly affect depression, but can also alleviate it by increasing social support. Hospitals should pay attention to the mental health status of emergency physicians, and psychological capital training and emotional support can be implemented to improve mental health.

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BackgroundThis study aimed to examine depressive symptoms associated with interpersonal sensitivity, sleep quality, and psychological capital among postgraduate students during static campus management after the COVID-19 pandemic in China.MethodsResearch data were obtained during static campus management (10–19 April 2022) after the reappearance of COVID-19 in cities in eastern China. We collected data through an online questionnaire, and the anonymous self-reported questionnaire included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the interpersonal sensitivity subscale of Symptom Checklist-90, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. analysis of variance was performed using t-test and ANOVA. The PROCESS macro was used to determine the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression, together with the independent and serial mediating role of psychological capital and sleep quality.ResultsA total of 2,554 postgraduate students were included in this study. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms was 30.97, 6.58, and 1.45%, respectively. Interpersonal sensitivity was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (direct effect = 0.183, p &lt; 0.001). Between interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms, psychological capital and sleep quality played a single mediating role (indirect effect = 0.136 and 0.100, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and a chain mediating role together (indirect effect = 0.066, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionInterpersonal sensitivity has a significant influence on depression among Chinese graduate students. Psychological capital and sleep quality may not only independently mediate the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression, but also co-play a chain-mediating role in the pathway from interpersonal sensitivity to depression. Positive psychological interventions and sleep guidance may be beneficial in alleviating depressive symptoms.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected people's mental health. The direct and indirect pathways between social support and suicidal ideation in the period are still unclear. This study explores the pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms among undergraduates during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. Methods: During two weeks of the COVID-19 campus lockdown, a total of 12,945 undergraduates at a university in eastern China completed the questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, suicidal ideation, social support, resilience, and depressive symptoms. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation via the mediators of resilience and depressive symptoms. Results: Of the 12,917 undergraduates included in this study, 7.4% (n = 955) reported they sometimes had suicidal ideation, 0.8% (n = 109) reported they often had suicidal ideation, 0.9% (n = 122) reported they always had suicidal ideation, and 13.2% (n = 1704) reported they had depressive symptoms. Social support exerted significant direct (β = −0.058), indirect (β = −0.225), and total (β = −0.283) effects on suicidal ideation; 20.5% of the total effect was direct, and 79.5% was indirect. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through resilience (β = −0.038), and depressive symptoms (β = −0.087), explaining 13.4%, and 30.7% of the total effect, respectively. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through the sequential mediation of resilience and depressive symptoms (β = −0.099), explaining 35.0% of the total effect. Conclusion: This is the first study to provide the evidence of pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 campus lockdown among undergraduates in China. Both direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation were identified as intervention targets to reduce suicidal ideation.

IntroductionAnxiety often precedes depression, and the pathway from anxiety to depression may be affected by multiple exposures. Our research aims to explore the mediating effect of the social support availability (SSA) between anxiety and depression and how it is moderated by psychological capital.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese emergency physicians at the top-level general hospitals in eastern China. Data were collected via the questionnaire including anxiety and depression subscales of Symptom Checklist-90, Psychological Capital Questionnaire as well as Social Support Rating Scale. The PROCESS v3.4 macro was employed to assess the mediating role of SSA and a moderating role of psychological capital.ResultsA total of 536 valid samples were filtered. Anxiety, depression, SSA, and psychological capital were significant correlated. Anxiety was positively associated with depression (β = 0.82, p &lt; 0.001), and the SSA mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression (indirect effect = 0.013, 95%BootCI [0.005, 0.023]). Psychological capital (specifically, self-efficacy, hope and resilience) further played a moderating role in the relationship between SSA and depression (β = 0.06, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThe mental health of emergency physicians should be concerned. In order to decrease anxiety and depression, SSA and psychological capital should be increased as the interventions for emergency physicians.