The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 reasserted the necessity of artificial lung membrane technology to treat patients with acute lung failure. In addition, the aging world population inevitably leads to higher demand for better artificial organ (AO) devices. Membrane technology is the central component in many of the AO devices including lung, kidney, liver and pancreas. Although AO technology has improved significantly in the past few decades, the quality of life of organ failure patients is still poor and the technology must be improved further. Most of the current AO literature focuses on the treatment and the clinical use of AO, while the research on the membrane development aspect of AO is relatively scarce. One of the speculated reasons is the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of AO technology, ranging from biotechnology to polymer chemistry and process engineering. In this review, in order to facilitate the membrane aspects of the AO research, the roles of membrane technology in the AO devices, along with the current challenges, are summarized. This review shows that there is a clear need for better membranes in terms of biocompatibility, permselectivity, module design, and process configuration.
Membrane technology has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. The rapid growth of membrane technology has been breeding an unavoidable yet critical challengethe unsustainable disposal of used membranes. Commercial polymer membranes are fabricated from fossil-based monomers and polymers that are not biodegradable. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop membranes that are sustainable from cradle to grave, i.e., both bioderived and biodegradable. Cellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers that are biodegradable upon disposal. However, it is only soluble in a handful of solvents, limiting its fabrication into membranes at an industrial scale. To circumvent this bottleneck, in this work, we propose a sustainable and scalable method to fabricate cellulose membranes from cellulose acetate with a sacrificial acetate group. The proposed method allows cellulose membrane fabrication utilizing green solvents, and the fabrication procedure is sustainable with minimal solvent consumption. One of the most appealing applications of cellulose membranes is organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). It is an emerging technology to separate solutes in nanoprecision in harsh organic solvents, requiring solvent-stable materials. Surprisingly, the cellulose membranes exhibited unique transport behaviors, with solute rejection ranging from 100 to −100% depending on the solvent medium. Such trends were not previously observed in the OSN literature, and the underlying mechanism was thoroughly investigated. Importantly, the membranes were completely biodegradable in a carbon-neutral manner upon disposal. The life cycle of cellulose membranes was compared with that of conventional OSN membranes in a qualitative and comparative study. The proposed methodology can be applied to substitute fossil-based polymers in all aspects of membrane technology, and it has the potential to become a sustainable fabrication platform for membrane materials.
Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has been considered as one of the key technologies to improve the sustainability of separation processes. Recently, apart from enhancing the membrane performance, greener fabricate on of OSN membranes has been set as a strategic objective. Considerable efforts have been made aiming to improve the sustainability in membrane fabrication, such as replacing membrane materials with biodegradable alternatives, substituting toxic solvents with greener solvents, and minimizing waste generation with material recycling. In addition, new promising fabrication and post-modification methods of solvent-stable membranes have been developed exploiting the concept of interpenetrating polymer networks, spray coating, and facile interfacial polymerization. This review compiles the recent progress and advances for sustainable fabrication in the field of polymeric OSN membranes.
Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries with high energy density. Na ion with global abundance
In this study, a low-cost jackfruit based KOH-activated carbon aerogel (AJCA) is prepared from facile hydrothermal treatment synthesized core of jackfruit with different heating rate. AJCA is sythesisized to absorb crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions and effectively treat other dyes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) allow for targeted analysis of sample surfaces which has many grooves of varying depth, and many layers of scales stack on top of each other. The specific surface area, which is examined by The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, reaches 592.65 m2/g. The most suitable heating rate is 3 degrees per minute (AJCA-3). The maximum adsorption capacity is 386,66 mg/g and the absorption performance reaches 96,5% at a concentration of 300 ppm, which indicates that AJCA-3 is very efficient and competitive with several adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order model satisfactorily describes the adsorption kinetics, and the Langmuir model was suitable to represent the adsorption equilibrium. These experiments show that AJCA has excellent potential on treating real coloured eflluents.
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