The presentation of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and multiple myeloma (MM), either together or in succession, is extremely rare. Only nine studies have previously reported this poorly understood association. The present study reports the case of a 45-year-old male with FSGS that was diagnosed by a renal biopsy performed for nephrotic syndrome (NS). The patient was admitted to the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital one year later with a fever, anemia, unresolved NS and renal insufficiency. The patient was diagnosed with MM and a renal biopsy was repeated, the results of which suggested renal amyloidosis. The MM was treated with three cycles of vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone chemotherapy. A review of the literature indicated that monoclonal gammopathy may lead to FSGS. It suggested that FSGS patients who are >40 years old should be routinely screened for plasma cell proliferative disorders to guide the treatment, determine a prognosis, achieve primary disease remission and avoid end-stage renal disease.
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) plays a vital role in numerous biological processes as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, its function in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a significant medicinal and dietary vegetable, remains largely unexplored. While the NF-Y family has been thoroughly identified in many plant species, and the function of individual NF-Y TFs has been characterized, there is a paucity of knowledge concerning this family in ginger. In this study, the ginger genome was utilized to identify 36 NF-Y genes (10 ZoNF-YAs, 16 ZoNF-YBs, and 10 ZoNF-YCs), which were renamed based on their chromosomal distribution. Ten distinct motifs were identified within the ZoNF-Y genes, with certain unique motifs being vital for gene function. Through analyzing chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved protein motifs, and gene duplication events, the evolutionary characteristics of these ZoNF-Y genes were more fully understood. Detailed analysis of ZoNF-Y gene expression patterns across various tissues, performed through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR, revealed their significant role in regulating ginger rhizome and flower growth and development. Additionally, the ZoNF-Y family genes that responded to abiotic stresses were also identified. The ZoNF-Y family in ginger was identified for the first time in the present study. Our result contributes to research on evolutionary characteristics and better understanding the molecular basis for development and abiotic stress response, as well as further functional characterization of ZoNF-Y genes with an aim of ginger crop improvement.
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