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Combined relativistic configuration interaction and many-body perturbation calculations are performed for the 359 fine-structure levels of the 2s 2 2p 3 , 2s2p 4 , 2p 5 , 2s 2 2p 2 3l, 2s2p 3 3l, 2p 4 3l, and 2s 2 2p 2 4l configurations in N-like ions from Ar XII to Zn XXIV. A complete and consistent data set of energies, wavelengths, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths for all possible electric dipole, magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic quadrupole transitions among the 359 levels are given for each ion. The present work significantly increases the amount of accurate data for ions in the nitrogen-like sequence, and the accuracy of the energy levels is high enough to serve identification and interpretation of observed spectra involving the n = 3, 4 levels, for which the experimental values are largely scarce. Meanwhile, the results should be of great help in modeling and diagnosing astrophysical and fusion plasmas.Subject headings: atomic data -atomic processes Recently, using the MCDHF and RCI method Radžiūtė et al. (2015) reported the energies and transition rates for the 272 states of the (2s, 2p) 5 and (2s, 2p) 4 3l (l = 0, 1, 2) configurations in Nlike ions Cr XVIII, Fe XX, Ni XXII, and Zn XXIV (MCDHF/RCI3). Since effective configuration interaction effects have been taken into account, their data of high accuracy can be used to identify the observed spectra. Comparisons of the NIST and CHIANTI experimental results, the present calculations, and the MCDHF/RCI3 values for the n = 2 states in Fe XX show good agreements among them, i.e., the mean relative deviations from NIST & CHIANTI experimental values are 0.021% & 0.021% for this work, 0.041% & 0.046% for the MCDHF/RCI3 results; plus the mean (with standard deviation) of the relative differences between the two sets of calculated values is 0.015%±0.015% for all 272 states of the n = 2, 3 configurations, which, again, is highly satisfactory.The experimental values are sparse for the n = 3, 4 levels of N-like ions. To confirm the accuracy of the present n ≥ 3 results and show the importance of the electron correlation effects, we have performed another independent calculation for Fe XX using the MCDHF and RCI method. In Table 3, energies for the 344 levels of the n = 3, 4 complexes in Fe XX from the MBPT and MCDHF/RCI calculations in this work are compared with calculated values from a previous calculation using the AS code by Witthoeft et al. (2007). Collected in Table 3 are also experimental values from the NIST and CHIANTI databases. The deviations of the MCDHF/RCI and MBPT energies are plotted in Figure 1. It can be seen that the agreement between the two calculations is better than 0.08% for all the 344 levels. The mean (with standard deviation) of the relative differences between the two sets of energy values is 0.023%±0.012%, which is highly satisfactory.As shown in Table 3, experimental observations are largely missing, i.e., the NIST & CHIANTI databases list the energies for 27 & 37 out of the 344 n = 3, 4 levels ...

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone involved in the proper conformation of many proteins. HSP90 inhibitors (17-dimethyl aminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride [17-DMAG]) bind to and inactivate HSP90, suppressing some key signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory process. Since considerable evidence suggests that inflammation accounts for the progression of cerebral ischemic injury, we investigated whether 17-DMAG can modulate inflammatory responses in middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) mice. Male C57/BL6 mice were pretreated with 17-DMAG or vehicle for 7 d before being subjected to transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery and reperfusion. Mice were evaluated at 24 h after MCAO for neurological deficit scoring. Moreover, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of 17-DMAG was investigated with a focus on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. 17-DMAG significantly reduced cerebral infarction and improved neurological outcome. 17-DMAG suppressed activation of microglia and decreased phosphorylation of inhibitory (I)κB and subsequent nuclear translocation of p65, which eventually downregulated expression of NF-κB-regulated genes. These results suggest that 17-DMAG has a promising therapeutic effect in ischemic stroke treatment through an anti-inflammatory mechanism.Key words heat shock protein 90 (HSP90); stroke; inflammation Acute ischemic stroke is one of the most frequent causes of death and permanent disability in adults worldwide.1) Although various mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, recent work has demonstrated that inflammatory responses accompanying necrotic brain injury contribute to ischemic pathology, and anti-inflammatory strategies have become popular.2) Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a central regulator of inflammatory response in ischemic stroke, whose activation is required for the transcriptional induction of many proinflammatory mediators involved in innate immunity, such as cellular adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors.3) Indeed, it has been evidenced that factors that modulate the activity of NF-κB could potentially regulate inflammatory processes in ischemic stroke. 4)Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone which plays essential roles in the folding, activation, and assembly of client proteins. Blocking the ATP-binding site of HSP90 by inhibitors, results in degradation of some client proteins (e.g. inhibitory (I)κB kinase (IKK)) via an ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway.6) Previous studies showed that inhibition of HSP90 by injections of geldanamycin (GA, an HSP90 inhibitor) into the cerebral ventricles protects ischemic stroke through stimulation of heat shock gene transcription (such as HSP70 and HSF1).7) 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride (17-DMAG) is a more water soluble HSP90 inhibitor and can be administered orally. However little is known about anti-inflammatory effect of HSP90 inhibitor during ischemic stroke and whether 17...

Driven by the ever increasing demand in function integration, more and more next generation high value-added products, such as head-up displays, solar concentrators and intra-ocular-lens, etc., are designed to possess freeform (i.e., non-rotational symmetric) surfaces. The toolpath, composed of high density of short linear and circular segments, is generally used in computer numerical control (CNC) systems to machine those products. However, the discontinuity between toolpath segments leads to high-frequency fluctuation of feedrate and acceleration, which will decrease the machining efficiency and product surface finish. Driven by the ever-increasing need for high-speed high-precision machining of those products, many novel toolpath interpolation and smoothing approaches have been proposed in both academia and industry, aiming to alleviate the issues caused by the conventional toolpath representation and interpolation methods. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art toolpath interpolation and smoothing approaches with systematic classifications. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed. Possible future research directions are also offered.

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