Ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres with uniformly penetrating channels have been successfully synthesized by a nanocasting method using mesoporous silica as a template. The ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres were investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitors via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms and a variety of electrochemical testing techniques. The electrodes with ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres prepared by coating method exhibited good rate capability and reversibility at high scan rates in electrochemical performances. Ordered mesoporous carbon nanosphere electrode with specific surface area of 904 m2/g maintained a stable specific capacitance of 210 F g-1under specific current of 0.1 A g-1for 500 cycles of charge/discharge.
Restricted by such factors as the size of test area, amount of work and water depth of model, hydraulic models are often made into distorted patterns, whereas the distorted models demand for roughening usually. The hydraulic model of comprehensive harness of Qian'an Reach of Luan River requires big roughness that general roughening technologies cant meet, so the plastic grass cushions were introduced. The preliminary experiment in flume, the preliminary experiment of the comprehensive model and the verification experiment of the comprehensive model proved the feasibility of the technology of roughening with the grass cushions in hydraulic model tests.
Through simulation research on hydraulic characteristics of precast interlocking concrete blocks, the stress condition, overall stability, the effect of filling gravels into the holes of the blocks in the water flow during the flood period and the resistance parameters of the blocks were studied, a comprehensive analysis on the mechanical stability and the scour-resisting characteristics of the blocks was made, and then the requirement and the safety degree of the gravel filling were given. The experiment shows that compared with the surface protection of the conventional dyke projects, besides convenience for manufacture at low cost, this new type of protective revetment has such merits as higher anti-shear stress, better stability and permeability as well as improving ecological environment in river course.
Through hydraulic model test of Tianqiao hydropower station reinforcement project, the empirical equations of the surface flow pattern critical water depth were proposed and validated. Some factors affecting the change of the surface flow pattern critical water depth were analyzed. The results show that the critical water depth values will decrease gradually when the nose angle change from zero degree to fifteen degrees. Lengthening the protection-apron and flow expansion will result in the ascent of the critical water depth values, which will descend if the bed level is reduced or the nose height is increased.
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