In the past year, an emerging disease called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been discovered in Wuhan, China, which has become a worrying pandemic and has challenged the world health system and economy. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell through a specific receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) expressed on epithelial cells of various tissues. The virus, by inducing cell apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, generates as cytokine storm, which is the major cause of mortality in the patients. This type of response, along with responses by other immune cell, such as alveolar macrophages and neutrophils causes extensive damage to infected tissue. Newly, a novel cell-based therapy by Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) as well as by their exosomes has been developed for treatment of COVID-19 that yielded promising outcomes. In this review study, we discuss the characteristics and benefits of MSCs therapy as well as MSC-secreted exosome therapy in treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Biodiesel is assumed a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel that possesses the potential to substitute petroleum diesel. The basic purpose of the present study is to design a precise algorithm based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model with several kernel functions, i.e., Rational Quadratic, Squared Exponential, Matern, and Exponential, to estimate biodiesel properties. These properties include kinematic viscosity (KV), pour point (PP), iodine value (IV), and cloud point (CP) as a function of fatty acid composition. In order to develop this model, some variables are assumed, such as molecular weight, carbon number, double bond numbers, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, weight percent of saturated acid, and temperature. The performance and efficiency of the GPR model are measured through several statistical criteria and the results are summarized in root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficients of determination ( R 2 ). R 2 and RMSE are sorted as 0.992 & 0.15697, 0.998 & 0.96580, 0.966 & 1.38659, and 0.968 & 1.56068 for four properties such as KV, IV, CP, and PP, respectively. It is worth to mention this point that the kernel function Squared Exponential shows a great performance for IV and PP and kernel functions Exponential and Matern indicate appropriate efficiency for CP and KV properties, respectively. On the other hand, the results of the offered GPR models are compared with those of the previous models, LSSVM-PSO and ANFIS. The outcomes proved the superiority of this model over two former models in point of estimating the biodiesel properties.

In the present study, the effect of Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil (DKE) was investigated on growth, haematology, immune and antioxidant defence system and resistance of rainbow trout juveniles to bacterial infection (Aeromonas hydrophila). For this purpose, the fish were fed a diet containing different concentrations of DKE including 0 (control), 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mg/kg diet in three replicates for 60 days. After feeding trial, the fish were challenged with a pathogenic dose of A. hydrophila. Based on the results, immune components in plasma (alternative complement activity [ACH 50 ], IgM content, lysozyme activity, total protein and total albumin) and mucus (protease activity, IgM content and lysozyme activity) significantly elevated in fish fed diet containing 0.2 and 0.25 mg DKE/kg diet compared with other groups (p < 0.01). The plasma bactericidal activity increased in all DKE-supplemented fish. Supplementation of fish with 0.3 mg DKE/kg diet depressed the mucosal lysozyme activity and IgM content.

Micorrhyza arbuscula fungi is one of endomicorrhyza group with hiphae stucture called arbuscule. Micorrhyza fungi able to associate with various plants include crop plant. This research aim to know the genus of micorrhyza arbuscule fungi on crop plants root and to know micorrhyza structure on it. The result showed that the highest diversity of micorrhyza was found on potato root, then on strawberry root and the last on tomato root. There are 16 genus was found, they are 11 genus Glomus, 4 genus Acaulospora and 1 genus Ambispora. The arbuscule and vesicle structure was also observed.Keywords: Acaulospora, Ambispora, crop plant, Glomus, Micorrhyza arbuscule fungi INTISARI Cendawan mikoriza arbuskula merupakan salah satu golongan endomikoriza yang memiliki struktur hifa yang disebut arbuskula. Cendawan mikoriza mampu berasosiasi dengan berbagai tanaman termasuk tanaman pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui genus cendawan mikoriza arbuskula pada akar tanaman pangan dan untuk mengetahui struktur di dalamnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diversitas tertinggi mikoriza ditemukan pada akar kentang, stroberi, dan tomat. Terdapat 16 genus yang ditemukan antara lain: 11 genus Glomus, 4 genus Acaulospora dan 1 genus Ambispora. Struktur arbuskula dan vesikel juga diteliti.

This research is a preliminary study to explore potential probiotics of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in dangke, a traditional food from buffalo milk in Curio the district of Enrekang. Isolation of LAB performed using the selective medium de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar. LAB will show clear zone on MRS medium after the addition of the indicator in the form of CaCO3 and incubated for 24 hours. Selection is done by observing the cell morphology and Gram staining. Further testing with the biochemical properties of sugar fermentation test. The results showed that lactic acid bacteria isolates obtained consists of two species of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum.