The prevalence of excess weight individuals has increased noticeably in Malaysian societies. Recently, the Institute for Public Health in Malaysia (IPH) has reported that around 45% of the Malaysian population are excess weight cases[1]. The ever-increasing number of excess weight cases in societies is commonly due to excessive eating and lack of physical activity. Another effect factor is the increase in eating of high caloric food rich in sugars and fat. Beside excessive eating of fat and sugar, daily meal types have changed over the last decades, noting a trend for increased meal frequency (i.e. snacking behavior)[2]. Snacking has been proposed to weight increase as well as to its metabolic rate. Thus, a decrease in physical activity, an increase in calorie food rate, and snacking behavior all result in excess weight [3]. The prevalence of excess weight individuals can be said to have reached high sizes thus evidencing that at least an overweight case occurs because of an inability to regulate their own eating behavior which is a key to weight gain prevention. Eating regulation is a complex process involving internal factors such as genetics, neural, and endocrine signals, as well as external factors including the environmental factors that excite eating desire such as sight, smell , and taste[4]. However, studies have shown that specific areas of the brain are involved in the interactiv e processing of food vs. nonfood-related visual stimuli in the different states of hunger and satiety. These include the PreFrontal Cortex (PFC) and the amygdala. Another study shows that food, even when presented only as an image, will cause a larger CNS
In year 2013, 777,817 out of 22,702,211 of registered vehicles were involved m road traffic crashes, with a damage cost of more than 9.3 billion ringgits in Malaysia. Automotive makers have deployed a wide range of active safety systems (traction control, auto cruise and braking, collision avoidance, and lane switching) in recent years. However, these systems failed to significantly reduce road crash statistics. The automotive network comprises the vehicle road and driver. Huge effort had been placed on the vehicle and road, whereas the dnver remains the feeblest part. Consequently, automotive makers should focus their attention on monitoring drivers' emotion, which influences their driving behaviour. This study aims to explore available technology that monitors driver behaviour, besides proposing accident-stimulating emotion that affects driving. Furthermore, a conceptual framework for recognising anger and stress emotion, which is a cause of road crash, is proposed.
The aim of this study was to assess the repeatability of the EMED®-A and identify the repeatability of data for different types of measurements (walking without load, walking with load, standing without load, and standing with load). Each load weighing 1.5 kg must be hold at left and right hands. Contact area (CA), maximum force (F), peak pressure (PP) were calculated. In addition, coefficient of variation (CV) is calculated for repeatability of EMED®-A. In conclusion, the EMED®-A foot plantar pressure monitoring system was found to be repeatable and can be used as valuable tool for plantar pressure distribution assessment.
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