Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among passive leadership, organizational justice and affect-based trust. In addition, the meditating role of affect-based trust between these relationships is also investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
The data have been collected using anonymously completed questionnaire that has questions regarding passive leadership as independent variable, affect-based trust as mediator and organizational justice as dependent variable.
Findings
It is noted that the passive leadership is negatively associated with the affect-based trust and perceptions of organizational justice and the mediating role of affect-based trust is also confirmed between these relationships.
Originality/value
This study provides a new insight for social science knowledge base by explaining the direct relationship of passive leadership with organizational justice and through affect-based trust.
Mutual funds have a significant role as an institutional investor to allocate funds in an efficient way. Therefore, this study examines efficiency of mutual funds due to their substantial role in the growth of economy. Technical Efficiency (TE), Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE), and Scale Efficiency (SE) of mutual funds are examined over the period of 2011 to 2016 by following Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results showed a TE of 70.6%, PTE of 73%, and SE of 96.3% in mutual funds of Pakistan. A significant boost has been noticed in the efficiency of the initial year but it decreased afterward. Decreasing return to scale is found 52.40% whereas, increasing return to scale are found 17.41%. There were only 30.19% mutual funds which are working on right scale. It suggests that regulators need to closely monitor mutual funds since unplanned growth in size of mutual funds will damage the overall efficiency since the decreasing return to scale are
This study investigates the impact of passive leadership on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions with the mediating effect of organizational interpersonal trust. Data has been collected from a sample of 180 working at managerial levels in public and private sector universities based in Islamabad. Findings of the current study confirms that passive leadership is negatively associated with organizational citizenship behavior and employee turnover intentions and the mediating role of organizational interpersonal trust confirms the partial mediation between these relationships. The study provided with new insights into the body of knowledge and also provided with practical implications. Limitations of the current study along with the future directions of research also discussed at the end.
By using Social exchange theory (Blau, 1964) the current study examined the mediating effect of Career commitment in the relationship between Supervisory support (SS) and Employee Retention (EE) and the moderating role of Person Organization Fit in the relationship between Supervisory Support and Career Commitment. Data was collected from 264 respondents from the Banking and Telecom sector (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan. Banking and telecom were the new areas for the current study. Supervisory support and career commitment is the most important thing in banking and telecom. The main and for the most important object of current is to find out how the supervisor helps the employee to retain in origination. The second objective is how career commitment and person-organization fit helps to an employee in retention. The results show that supervisory support has a positive effect on employee retention and career commitment. The study further reveals that career commitment mediates the relationship between supervisory support and Employee Retention and Person Organization Fit moderates the relationship between Supervisory support and Career Commitment. The current study suggests that supervisors of banking and telecom sectors should support their subordinates to achieve their organizational goals effectively and efficiently. Person organization Fit is necessary for subordinates in organizations to complete their work and compete with their competitors.
This study is conducted in two steps. Firstly, Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) is applied to estimate efficiency of the Takaful and conventional insurance firms in Pakistan from 2005 to 2010. It is found that life insurers are performing poor in comparison to general insurers. In addition, Takaful firms are found less cost efficient in comparison to conventional insurance firms. Secondly, the Tobit results imply that the size, investment and claim are found negatively related with the efficiency of insurance companies which suggests that larger size raise the cost of doing business whereas, due to financial crises the investment of large firms are also dropped. Moreover, improvement in minimum capital requirement is found fruit full both for cost and profit efficiencies. Therefore, it is suggested that the regulators should keep continue this policy to further improve financial health of the insurance industry.
The banking industry is shifting from old traditional banking systems to virtual banking around the world. As it is moving towards online, the issues related to it are also increasing. Most common issues faced by e-banking around the globe are security, fraud, customer awareness, trust, risk, privacy, phishing attacks and government laws. The objective of this study is to highlight the issues faced by e-banking in developing countries like Pakistan. For this purpose, five national banks were selected. Interviews and discussions with the senior managers were conducted and transcribed. The critical issues identified were mostly related to security, regulatory and reversal of wrong transaction. Lack of awareness and knowledge about technical systems are also found as the major concerns of the senior management of these banks. The findings of this research will help the senior management to successfully develop proactive strategies for e-banking in Pakistan.
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