Designing phased-array antennas for millimeter-wave systems becomes difficult because of anomalous gain variation across elements. The performance of each antenna element varies significantly depending on its location on a finite ground plane. Based on simulation and measurement of 60-GHz patch antennas, we explain which design parameters determine specific gain variations. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:745-747, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.
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