A virus causing mottle and stunt symptom on Zea mays was observed around Ulleng-do, Korea and identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-ZM) based upon biological, serological, and molecular characteristics. In host range studies, the CMV-ZM isolate produced local lesions on Datura stramonium, Vigna unguiculata, Cucurbita moschata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Ch. quinoa, whereas this isolate produced systemic mosaic on Nicotiana tabacum cv. 'Xanthi-nc', Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Cucurbita pepo, and Z. mays. In addition, chlorotic local rings on inoculated leaves along with severe mosaic, malformation, and fern leaf symptoms on upper systemic leaves were shown in N. glutinosa plants. Complete nucleotide sequences of each genomic RNA segment was determined and compared to those of the other CMV strains. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of 1a open reading frame (ORF) revealed approximately 89.2-92.4% sequence identity with each CMV subgroup IA and IB strain, while showing only 78% sequence identity with CMV subgroup II. Nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA2 ORFs revealed 85.3-97.6% sequence identity with subgroup I. In ORFs of RNA3, levels of nucleotide sequence identities were higher than 92-99.2% with CMV subgroup I and lower than 82% with CMV isolates of subgroup II. These results suggest that CMV-ZM isolate is more closely related to subgroup I than subgroup II and therefore, CMV-ZM isolate might be classified into as CMV subgroup I based on biological and molecular analysis.
Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) develops from synergistic co-infection by Sugarcane mosaic virus and Maize chlorotic mottle virus. The disease causes symptoms ranging from leaf tissue mottling and malformed ears to premature plant death. Information on the diversity and transmission of those viruses are limited in Ethiopia. No attempts were made to characterize and identify SCMVand MCMV strains of Oromia and Benishangul-Gumuz regions. The aim of this research was to study MLND responsible viruses via serological and molecular techniques. A total of 174 symptomatic maize leaf samples were collected. Using Double Antibody Sandwich-ELISA (DAS-ELISA), 43 samples showed strong reaction for MCMV antibody and only 14 samples were clearly positive for SCMV. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique revealed the presence of MCMV and SCMV in most samples. Analysis of the genetic diversity of MCMV and SCMV by sequencing the coat protein of all isolates shows strong homology with previous East African isolates deposited in the GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus isolates are highly similar with each other. In conclusion, this study unequivocally confirmed the association of MCMV and SCMV with MLND in the investigated areas and for the first time provided information on the genetic variability by sequence analysis of several Ethiopian samples. Since the risk posed by MLND in the investigated area is high, there is an urgent need for developing integrated management options for controlling the disease.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.